{"id":903,"date":"2026-10-10T20:10:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-10T13:10:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thuat-ngu\/mo-hinh-thieu-hut\/"},"modified":"2026-10-10T20:12:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T13:12:36","slug":"mo-hinh-thieu-hut","status":"publish","type":"thuat_ngu","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thuat-ngu\/mo-hinh-thieu-hut\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t (deficit model) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, n\u00ean c\u1ee9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t. Hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [NASEM], 2017). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 l\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n Anh n\u0103m 2000 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m &#8220;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang&#8221; ki\u1ec3u c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, h\u00e0m \u00fd xem nh\u1eb9 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, 2000). B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/lich-su-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc\/\">l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb B\u00e1o c\u00e1o Bodmer \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ec sao m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang?<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. NASEM (2017) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. Khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00e2m (NASEM, 2017).<\/p>\n<p>Simis v\u00e0 cs. (2016) cho r\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t. Theo nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn dai d\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin theo l\u1ed1i duy l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trao \u0111\u1ed5i hai chi\u1ec1u, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn (House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, 2000). S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham gia c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-phat-trien-ben-vung-la-gi\/\">truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3. Chia s\u1ebb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc (NASEM, 2017). \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 PUS kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. PUS (hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang) l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, c\u00f2n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m PUS ki\u1ec3u c\u0169 (House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, 2000). Xem th\u00eam <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-khoa-hoc-la-gi\/\">truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8220;c\u1ee9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh&#8221; th\u01b0\u1eddng sai v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ra sao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_dktn_en":"Deficit model","_dktn_abbr":"","_dktn_aliases":"m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, knowledge deficit model","_dktn_short":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m coi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.","_dktn_short_src":"NASEM, 2017","_dktn_refs":"House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology. (2000). *Science and society* (Third Report, Session 1999-2000, HL Paper 38). The Stationery Office. https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/ld199900\/ldselect\/ldsctech\/38\/3801.htm\nNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). *Communicating science effectively: A research agenda*. The National Academies Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/23674\nSimis, M. J., Madden, H., Cacciatore, M. A., & Yeo, S. K. (2016). The lure of rationality: Why does the deficit model persist in science communication? *Public Understanding of Science, 25*(4), 400-414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963662516629749","_dktn_reviewed":"2026-10-10","_dktn_related_terms":[],"_dktn_related_posts":[115,696,32],"footnotes":""},"nhom_thuat_ngu":[472],"class_list":["post-903","thuat_ngu","type-thuat_ngu","status-publish","hentry","nhom_thuat_ngu-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t (deficit model) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - Dy Khoa Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thuat-ngu\/mo-hinh-thieu-hut\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t (deficit model) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - Dy Khoa Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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