{"id":6567,"date":"2026-10-13T23:19:42","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T16:19:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?post_type=thuat_ngu&#038;p=6567"},"modified":"2026-10-13T23:19:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T16:19:42","slug":"he-thong-grade","status":"publish","type":"thuat_ngu","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thuat-ngu\/he-thong-grade\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GRADE l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ee5m &#8220;khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trung b\u00ecnh&#8221; trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn y khoa l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o. N\u0103m 2008, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 25 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng GRADE, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Guyatt v\u00e0 cs., 2008).<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng trong GRADE l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cao:<\/strong> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trung b\u00ecnh:<\/strong> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ea5p:<\/strong> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p:<\/strong> m\u1ecdi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao, t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p (Guyatt v\u00e0 cs., 2008). Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 m\u1ee9c v\u00ec n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: nguy c\u01a1 sai l\u1ec7ch, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2019). B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng m\u1ee9c khi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 li\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c khi m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ec7ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Guyatt v\u00e0 cs., 2008).<\/p>\n<h2>Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>GRADE ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai m\u1ee9c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o. Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra khi l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o y\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i k\u00e9m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n, do b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c do l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o &#8220;c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n&#8221; (Guyatt v\u00e0 cs., 2008).<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u GRADE gi\u00fap di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/\">v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hay n\u00f3i ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng GRADE?<\/h3>\n<p>GRADE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf xem l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 WHO, NICE (Anh) v\u00e0 Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m Canada v\u1ec1 Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2019).<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng &#8220;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1ea5p&#8221; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f3 th\u00eam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (Guyatt v\u00e0 cs., 2008), kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GRADE l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1 m\u1ee9c, ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e2ng m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh, y\u1ebfu trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn y khoa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"template":"","nhom_thuat_ngu":[476],"class_list":["post-6567","thuat_ngu","type-thuat_ngu","status-publish","hentry","nhom_thuat_ngu-nghien-cuu-bang-chung"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GRADE l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - Dy Khoa Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GRADE l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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