{"id":5151,"date":"2026-10-12T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?post_type=thuat_ngu&amp;p=5136"},"modified":"2026-10-12T18:30:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T11:30:00","slug":"chan-doan-qua-muc-overdiagnosis","status":"publish","type":"thuat_ngu","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thuat-ngu\/chan-doan-qua-muc-overdiagnosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (Overdiagnosis) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (Overdiagnosis)<\/strong> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng y khoa trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng si\u00eau nh\u1ea1y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u1ed1n d\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau bi\u1ebfn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (Overtreatment).<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 H. Gilbert Welch c\u00f9ng Lisa Schwartz v\u00e0 Steven Woloshin (2011) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &#8220;ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1ea7m&#8221; (ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n sai v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt). Kh\u1ed1i u hay ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t th\u00ec b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n &#8220;ung th\u01b0&#8221; hay &#8220;b\u1ec7nh m\u00e3n t\u00ednh&#8221; bi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd v\u00e0o ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, ung th\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t tuy\u1ebfn (x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PSA), ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (DCIS) v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u &#8220;t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t&#8221;, l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ho\u1ea1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea1i H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t si\u00eau \u00e2m tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, s\u1ed1 ca ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt g\u1ea5p 15 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1eaft b\u1ecf tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1ng hormone su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong do ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea7m so\u00e1t y t\u1ebf lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i: Ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i \u00edch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm ca b\u1ec7nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin trung th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t (Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Choosing Wisely).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u00e2y ra tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng hay t\u1eed vong cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"template":"","nhom_thuat_ngu":[473],"class_list":["post-5151","thuat_ngu","type-thuat_ngu","status-publish","hentry","nhom_thuat_ngu-truyen-thong-suc-khoe"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (Overdiagnosis) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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