{"id":5147,"date":"2026-10-12T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?post_type=thuat_ngu&p=5132"},"modified":"2026-10-12T18:30:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T11:30:00","slug":"giam-thieu-tac-hai-harm-reduction","status":"publish","type":"thuat_ngu","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thuat-ngu\/giam-thieu-tac-hai-harm-reduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i (Harm Reduction) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i (Harm Reduction)<\/strong> l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang khem tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Abstinence) ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean phong trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc G. Alan Marlatt v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS. Harm reduction xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1ch quan r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1 (nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay, quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh can thi\u1ec7p kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n bao g\u1ed3m: (1) \u0110\u1ed5i kim ti\u00eam s\u1ea1ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV\/Hepatitis C; (2) Ph\u00e1t bao cao su mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m; (3) Cung c\u1ea5p thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u Naloxone mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed; v\u00e0 (4) Ph\u00f2ng ti\u00eam ch\u00edch an to\u00e0n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ho\u1ea1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha n\u0103m 2001 \u0111\u00e3 phi h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 sang c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cai nghi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau 20 n\u0103m: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n 80%, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong do s\u1ed1c thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 s\u00fay hay khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
  • Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb (Non-stigmatizing Language), tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"template":"","nhom_thuat_ngu":[473],"class_list":["post-5147","thuat_ngu","type-thuat_ngu","status-publish","hentry","nhom_thuat_ngu-truyen-thong-suc-khoe"],"yoast_head":"\nGi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i (Harm Reduction) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - Dy Khoa Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thuat-ngu\/giam-thieu-tac-hai-harm-reduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i (Harm Reduction) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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