{"id":931,"date":"2026-10-11T00:21:38","date_gmt":"2026-10-10T17:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=931"},"modified":"2026-10-11T00:21:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T17:21:42","slug":"p-hacking-la-gi-vi-sao-nghien-cuu-thong-ke-van-co-the-sai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/p-hacking-la-gi-vi-sao-nghien-cuu-thong-ke-van-co-the-sai\/","title":{"rendered":"P-hacking l\u00e0 g\u00ec: V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/\">nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a> v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 p &lt; 0,05 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng can thi\u1ec7p, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con s\u1ed1 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 p-hacking. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-box-title\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y,<\/div>\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\"><\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/p-hacking-la-gi-vi-sao-nghien-cuu-thong-ke-van-co-the-sai\/#P-hacking_la_gi\" >P-hacking l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/p-hacking-la-gi-vi-sao-nghien-cuu-thong-ke-van-co-the-sai\/#Cac_hinh_thuc_p-hacking_pho_bien_trong_phan_tich\" >C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c p-hacking ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/p-hacking-la-gi-vi-sao-nghien-cuu-thong-ke-van-co-the-sai\/#Goc_nhin_tu_Hiep_hoi_Thong_ke_Hoa_Ky_ve_p-value\" >G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 p-value<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/p-hacking-la-gi-vi-sao-nghien-cuu-thong-ke-van-co-the-sai\/#He_qua_doi_voi_truyen_thong_khoa_hoc\" >H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/p-hacking-la-gi-vi-sao-nghien-cuu-thong-ke-van-co-the-sai\/#Huong_toi_thuc_hanh_nghien_cuu_minh_bach\" >H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u minh b\u1ea1ch<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"P-hacking_la_gi\"><\/span>P-hacking l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>P-hacking (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thao t\u00fang tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2u c\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a (th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 p &lt; 0,05).<\/p>\n<p>Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi 20 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 p &lt; 0,05 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay do ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5u \u0111i 19 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a p-hacking.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_hinh_thuc_p-hacking_pho_bien_trong_phan_tich\"><\/span>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c p-hacking ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, p-hacking kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 gian l\u1eadn c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Thu th\u1eadp th\u00eam m\u1eabu c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc: Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khi \u0111ang thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y p x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 0,06 th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gom th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf quan s\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi p gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,05 r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c: \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 linh ho\u1ea1t: Th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c b\u1edbt c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i quy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh cho p-value nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi l\u00fd do l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Goc_nhin_tu_Hiep_hoi_Thong_ke_Hoa_Ky_ve_p-value\"><\/span>G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 p-value<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Hoa K\u1ef3 (ASA) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 p kh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/\">khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf &#8211; x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 p c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea suy lu\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng hay t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_qua_doi_voi_truyen_thong_khoa_hoc\"><\/span>H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb p-hacking th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt hay m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen nh\u1ecf thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u00e0o m\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong_toi_thuc_hanh_nghien_cuu_minh_bach\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u minh b\u1ea1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t p-hacking, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd sang c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edf:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (Preregistration): Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ed9p k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng (effect size) v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (Dy Khoa), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Head, M. L., Holman, L., Lanfear, R., Kahn, A. T., &amp; Jennions, M. D. (2015). The Extent and Consequences of P-Hacking in Science. PLOS Biology, 13(3), e1002106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002106<\/li>\n<li>Wasserstein, R. L., &amp; Lazar, N. A. (2016). The ASA&#8217;s Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose. The American Statistician, 70(2), 129-133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P-hacking l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thao t\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a p-value v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,05. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1eeb ASA v\u00e0 PLOS Biology.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[494,491,492,23,493],"class_list":["post-931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-liem-chinh-hoc-thuat","tag-p-hacking","tag-p-value","tag-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-y-nghia-thong-ke"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>P-hacking l\u00e0 g\u00ec: V\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P-hacking l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thao t\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a p-value v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,05. 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