{"id":896,"date":"2026-10-10T18:09:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-10T11:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=896"},"modified":"2026-10-10T18:09:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T11:09:05","slug":"dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin sai. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 sai, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u00f3 khi suy lu\u1eadn, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec lo &#8220;ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng&#8221; m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-box-title\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y,<\/div>\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\"><\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Dinh_chinh_tin_sai_co_tac_dung_khong\" >\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Hieu_ung_anh_huong_keo_dai_la_gi\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Nhung_yeu_to_nao_lam_dinh_chinh_kem_hieu_qua\" >Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Dinh_chinh_co_lam_nguoi_ta_tin_tin_sai_hon_khong\" >\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin tin sai h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Lam_sao_de_dinh_chinh_hieu_qua_hon\" >L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Co_cach_nao_tot_hon_dinh_chinh_khong\" >C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Co_nen_nhac_lai_thong_tin_sai_khi_dinh_chinh_khong\" >C\u00f3 n\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin sai khi \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Dinh_chinh_mot_lan_co_du_khong\" >\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Ai_nen_la_nguoi_dinh_chinh\" >Ai n\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\" >\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_chinh_tin_sai_co_tac_dung_khong\"><\/span>\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p 52 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi 6.878 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin sai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin sai ban \u0111\u1ea7u (Chan et al., 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh gi\u00fap k\u00e9o ni\u1ec1m tin sai xu\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_anh_huong_keo_dai_la_gi\"><\/span>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (continued influence effect) l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin sai v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh (Ecker et al., 2022). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft tin \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan ho\u1eb7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn suy lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang (Lewandowsky et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin sai th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n cho s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. Khi b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch thay th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t &#8220;kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng&#8221; trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin sai c\u0169 d\u1ec5 quay l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 (Lewandowsky et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00ec sao tin sai lan truy\u1ec1n nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/\">Th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch khoa h\u1ecdc: c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/a>. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00f3: khi th\u00f4ng tin sai \u0111\u00e3 lan ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_yeu_to_nao_lam_dinh_chinh_kem_hieu_qua\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i cho th\u00f4ng tin sai.<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p c\u1ee7a Chan v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 cho th\u1ea5y khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd do \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin sai ban \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00f4ng tin sai b\u00e1m l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n (Chan et al., 2017).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i &#8220;\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 sai&#8221;.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin sai (Lewandowsky et al., 2020).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/strong> Uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n (Lewandowsky et al., 2020).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng phai d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/strong> Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 (Lewandowsky et al., 2020).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_chinh_co_lam_nguoi_ta_tin_tin_sai_hon_khong\"><\/span>\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin tin sai h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ebfm khi. N\u1ed7i lo n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng&#8221; (backfire effect), t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tin v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin sai nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan n\u0103m 2020 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng (Swire-Thompson et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ed5 tay \u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin sai 2020 (The Debunking Handbook 2020), do h\u01a1n 20 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin sai c\u00f9ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p, v\u00e0 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh (Lewandowsky et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_sao_de_dinh_chinh_hieu_qua_hon\"><\/span>L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ed5 tay \u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin sai 2020 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc (Lewandowsky et al., 2020):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u00eau s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafp nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin sai, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin sai \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/strong> v\u00ec sao th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ed7i l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/strong>, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p c\u1ee7a Chan v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh chi ti\u1ebft g\u1eafn v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean gi\u1eef k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, v\u00ec \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin sai (Chan et al., 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_cach_nao_tot_hon_dinh_chinh_khong\"><\/span>C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 &#8220;\u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc&#8221; (prebunking), t\u1ee9c gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p th\u00f4ng tin sai. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd (inoculation): cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n &#8220;y\u1ebfu&#8221; c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00fang k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n sau (Ecker et al., 2022; Lewandowsky et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ri\u00eang, v\u00ec c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh sau th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf nhau. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-khoa-hoc-tren-mang-co-dang-tin\/\">L\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_nen_nhac_lai_thong_tin_sai_khi_dinh_chinh_khong\"><\/span>C\u00f3 n\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin sai khi \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u0111ang \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin nghe quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n (Lewandowsky et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_chinh_mot_lan_co_du_khong\"><\/span>\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m theo th\u1eddi gian, n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, qua nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ai_nen_la_nguoi_dinh_chinh\"><\/span>Ai n\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi x\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin sai, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i cho n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tin ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i lo &#8220;ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng&#8221; b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh t\u1ed1t n\u00ean n\u00eau s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao th\u00f4ng tin sai g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch thay th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\"><\/span>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (Dy Khoa), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chan, M. S., Jones, C. R., Hall Jamieson, K., &amp; Albarrac\u00edn, D. (2017). Debunking: A meta-analysis of the psychological efficacy of messages countering misinformation. <em>Psychological Science, 28<\/em>(11), 1531-1546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956797617714579<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Schmid, P., Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N., Kendeou, P., Vraga, E. K., &amp; Amazeen, M. A. (2022). The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction. <em>Nature Reviews Psychology, 1<\/em>(1), 13-29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44159-021-00006-y<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Ecker, U. K. H., Albarrac\u00edn, D., Amazeen, M. A., Kendeou, P., Lombardi, D., Newman, E. J., Pennycook, G., Porter, E., Rand, D. G., Rapp, D. N., Reifler, J., Roozenbeek, J., Schmid, P., Seifert, C. M., Sinatra, G. M., Swire-Thompson, B., van der Linden, S., Vraga, E. K., Wood, T. J., &amp; Zaragoza, M. S. (2020). <em>The debunking handbook 2020<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17910\/b7.1182<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Swire-Thompson, B., DeGutis, J., &amp; Lazer, D. (2020). Searching for the backfire effect: Measurement and design considerations. <em>Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 9<\/em>(3), 286-299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jarmac.2020.06.006<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ec sao \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":895,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[470,471,426,316,48,23],"class_list":["post-896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-dinh-chinh-thong-tin","tag-hieu-ung-phan-tac-dung","tag-kiem-chung-thong-tin","tag-prebunking","tag-thong-tin-sai-lech","tag-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>V\u00ec sao \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u00ec sao \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? 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