{"id":892,"date":"2026-10-10T18:03:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-10T11:03:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=892"},"modified":"2026-10-10T18:03:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T11:03:45","slug":"vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hay n\u00f3i &#8220;ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hay n\u00f3i &#8220;ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221; v\u00ec m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 sai s\u1ed1, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe bi\u1ebft n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u00f3i ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-box-title\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y,<\/div>\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\"><\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Bat_dinh_trong_khoa_hoc_la_gi\" >B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Noi_%E2%80%9Cchua_chac_chan%E2%80%9D_co_lam_cong_chung_mat_niem_tin_khong\" >N\u00f3i &#8220;ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221; c\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Vay_co_nen_giau_bat_dinh_de_thong_diep_manh_hon\" >V\u1eady c\u00f3 n\u00ean gi\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Lam_sao_phan_biet_bat_dinh_co_can_cu_voi_su_ne_tranh\" >L\u00e0m sao ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Bat_dinh_co_nghia_la_%E2%80%9Ckhoa_hoc_khong_biet_gi%E2%80%9D\" >B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec&#8221;?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Khi_chuyen_gia_noi_%E2%80%9Cchua_chac_chan%E2%80%9D_toi_nen_lam_gi\" >Khi chuy\u00ean gia n\u00f3i &#8220;ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221;, t\u00f4i n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Nguoi_noi_chac_chan_tuyet_doi_co_dang_tin_hon_khong\" >Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Khoang_dao_dong_trong_mot_con_so_co_y_nghia_gi\" >Kho\u1ea3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\" >\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bat_dinh_trong_khoa_hoc_la_gi\"><\/span>B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 hay m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, do hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 van der Bles v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ba \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh: s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra hay ch\u01b0a), con s\u1ed1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 ca m\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng). H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 (van der Bles et al., 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh: khi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00f3i &#8220;t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p kho\u1ea3ng 3,9%, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 3,7% \u0111\u1ebfn 4,1%&#8221;, kho\u1ea3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Khi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i th\u00eam &#8220;d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y thu th\u1eadp ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7&#8221;, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noi_%E2%80%9Cchua_chac_chan%E2%80%9D_co_lam_cong_chung_mat_niem_tin_khong\"><\/span>N\u00f3i &#8220;ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221; c\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i. N\u0103m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 5.780 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean trang tin BBC, cho th\u1ea5y khi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin k\u00e9m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n tin ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu khi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 &#8220;con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221;) thay v\u00ec b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (van der Bles et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan 48 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 kho\u1ea3ng sai s\u1ed1 hay x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, t\u1ee9c khi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady (Gustafson &amp; Rice, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: n\u00f3i r\u00f5 &#8220;kho\u1ea3ng bao nhi\u00eau&#8221; th\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n n\u00f3i chung chung &#8220;ch\u01b0a ai bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vay_co_nen_giau_bat_dinh_de_thong_diep_manh_hon\"><\/span>V\u1eady c\u00f3 n\u00ean gi\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro. Trong n\u0103m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 6.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u Covid-19, Kreps v\u00e0 Kriner nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kho\u1ea3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t, mang t\u00ednh gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (Kreps &amp; Kriner, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_sao_phan_biet_bat_dinh_co_can_cu_voi_su_ne_tranh\"><\/span>L\u00e0m sao ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, v\u00ec sao, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ra sao, v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam. S\u1ef1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf c\u00e2u chung chung &#8220;c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau&#8221; m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111ang nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1, kho\u1ea3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n \u00edt hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5, nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1eafp c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GRADE, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/\">M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bat_dinh_co_nghia_la_%E2%80%9Ckhoa_hoc_khong_biet_gi%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec&#8221;?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chung nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/hai-nghien-cuu-cho-ket-qua-trai-nguoc\/\">V\u00ec sao hai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/niem-tin-cong-chung-doi-voi-khoa-hoc-du-lieu-cap-nhat\/\">Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi_chuyen_gia_noi_%E2%80%9Cchua_chac_chan%E2%80%9D_toi_nen_lam_gi\"><\/span>Khi chuy\u00ean gia n\u00f3i &#8220;ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221;, t\u00f4i n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y xem ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguoi_noi_chac_chan_tuyet_doi_co_dang_tin_hon_khong\"><\/span>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00f3i qu\u00e1. Trong khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tin n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khoang_dao_dong_trong_mot_con_so_co_y_nghia_gi\"><\/span>Kho\u1ea3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kho\u1ea3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u &#8220;ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221; c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111i k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin, trong khi gi\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-khoa-hoc-tren-mang-co-dang-tin\/\">L\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\"><\/span>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (Dy Khoa), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gustafson, A., &amp; Rice, R. E. (2020). A review of the effects of uncertainty in public science communication. <em>Public Understanding of Science, 29<\/em>(6), 614-633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963662520942122<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kreps, S. E., &amp; Kriner, D. L. (2020). Model uncertainty, political contestation, and public trust in science: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. <em>Science Advances, 6<\/em>(43), Article eabd4563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abd4563<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>van der Bles, A. M., van der Linden, S., Freeman, A. L. J., Mitchell, J., Galvao, A. B., Zaval, L., &amp; Spiegelhalter, D. J. (2019). Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science. <em>Royal Society Open Science, 6<\/em>(5), Article 181870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.181870<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>van der Bles, A. M., van der Linden, S., Freeman, A. L. J., &amp; Spiegelhalter, D. J. (2020). The effects of communicating uncertainty on public trust in facts and numbers. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117<\/em>(14), 7672-7683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1913678117<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ec sao nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hay n\u00f3i &#8220;ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221;? 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