{"id":881,"date":"2026-10-10T17:48:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-10T10:48:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=881"},"modified":"2026-10-10T17:53:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T10:53:27","slug":"mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee7, t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00f3a h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-box-title\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y,<\/div>\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\"><\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Vi_sao_mot_nghien_cuu_don_le_hiem_khi_du\" >V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee7?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Bai_hoc_tu_hydroxychloroquine_trong_dai_dich_Covid-19\" >B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb hydroxychloroquine trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Tong_quan_he_thong_va_phan_tich_gop_giup_duoc_gi\" >T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Muc_do_chac_chan_cua_bang_chung_duoc_danh_gia_nhu_the_nao\" >M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Tong_quan_he_thong_co_luon_dang_tin_khong\" >T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1ng tin kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Khi_nao_co_the_noi_khoa_hoc_da_co_cau_tra_loi_kha_chac_chan\" >Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Neu_nghien_cuu_moi_mau_thuan_voi_khuyen_cao_hien_hanh_thi_nen_lam_gi\" >N\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Tong_quan_he_thong_khac_bai_tong_quan_thong_thuong_the_nao\" >T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Bang_chung_o_muc_%E2%80%9Cthap%E2%80%9D_co_nghia_la_thong_tin_do_sai\" >B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c &#8220;th\u1ea5p&#8221; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 sai?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\" >\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_sao_mot_nghien_cuu_don_le_hiem_khi_du\"><\/span>V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee7?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 2015, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i 100 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed uy t\u00edn. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ed1c, 97% cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 36% (Open Science Collaboration, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u sai. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau do may r\u1ee7i th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, do m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c do kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/kiem-tra-nghien-cuu-chia-se-tren-mang\/\">L\u00e0m sao ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_hoc_tu_hydroxychloroquine_trong_dai_dich_Covid-19\"><\/span>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb hydroxychloroquine trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hydroxychloroquine l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1edbm. Th\u00e1ng 3\/2020, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, v\u1edbi 20 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c, cho r\u1eb1ng hydroxychloroquine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb Covid-19. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i (Cullinan, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean RECOVERY t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh so s\u00e1nh 1.561 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng hydroxychloroquine v\u1edbi 3.155 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong sau 28 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 27,0% \u1edf nh\u00f3m d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 25,0% \u1edf nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong (RECOVERY Collaborative Group, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u01a1n b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed r\u00fat l\u1ea1i. L\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u0103n kho\u0103n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn do ch\u00ednh ba \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra (Cullinan, 2025). V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_quan_he_thong_va_phan_tich_gop_giup_duoc_gi\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (systematic review) t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi theo m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p (meta-analysis) l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea g\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Murad v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n: t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u1ea7ng cao nh\u1ea5t&#8221;, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi (Murad et al., 2016). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. V\u00ec sao c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f4i khi cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/hai-nghien-cuu-cho-ket-qua-trai-nguoc\/\">V\u00ec sao hai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muc_do_chac_chan_cua_bang_chung_duoc_danh_gia_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GRADE \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. GRADE x\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c: cao, trung b\u00ecnh, th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nguy c\u01a1 sai l\u1ec7ch, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hay s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (Guyatt et al., 2008).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a GRADE l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00e1ch hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_quan_he_thong_co_luon_dang_tin_khong\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1ng tin kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady. N\u0103m 2016, nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc John Ioannidis ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u PubMed v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u0103ng 2.728% trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1991-2014, trong khi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng 153%. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch (Ioannidis, 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec v\u1eady, g\u1eb7p c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb &#8220;theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p&#8221; ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn n\u00ean xem t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111\u00f3 do ai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, g\u1ed9p nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ra sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khi_nao_co_the_noi_khoa_hoc_da_co_cau_tra_loi_kha_chac_chan\"><\/span>Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac: nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh, cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n; c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cao; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0a ra khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Khi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu, c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 &#8220;b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd&#8221;, thay v\u00ec &#8220;khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\"><\/span>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neu_nghien_cuu_moi_mau_thuan_voi_khuyen_cao_hien_hanh_thi_nen_lam_gi\"><\/span>N\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngay h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_quan_he_thong_khac_bai_tong_quan_thong_thuong_the_nao\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. B\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bang_chung_o_muc_%E2%80%9Cthap%E2%80%9D_co_nghia_la_thong_tin_do_sai\"><\/span>B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c &#8220;th\u1ea5p&#8221; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 sai?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi c\u00f3 th\u00eam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang hay sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc tin &#8220;m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y&#8230;&#8221;, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-khoa-hoc-tren-mang-co-dang-tin\/\">L\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\"><\/span>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (Dy Khoa), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cullinan, K. (2025, January 9). <em>Publisher retracts controversial COVID-19 treatment study<\/em>. Health Policy Watch. https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/publisher-retracts-controversial-covid-19-treatment-study\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., &amp; Sch\u00fcnemann, H. J. (2008). GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. <em>BMJ, 336<\/em>(7650), 924-926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2016). The mass production of redundant, misleading, and conflicted systematic reviews and meta-analyses. <em>The Milbank Quarterly, 94<\/em>(3), 485-514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1468-0009.12210<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Murad, M. H., Asi, N., Alsawas, M., &amp; Alahdab, F. (2016). New evidence pyramid. <em>Evidence-Based Medicine, 21<\/em>(4), 125-127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ebmed-2016-110401<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. <em>Science, 349<\/em>(6251), Article aac4716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aac4716<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RECOVERY Collaborative Group. (2020). Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. <em>The New England Journal of Medicine, 383<\/em>(21), 2030-2040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2022926<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p, GRADE v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb hydroxychloroquine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[460,461,426,459,458,23],"class_list":["post-881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-bang-chung-khoa-hoc","tag-khung-hoang-tai-lap","tag-kiem-chung-thong-tin","tag-phan-tich-gop","tag-tong-quan-he-thong","tag-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p, GRADE v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb hydroxychloroquine.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn? 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