{"id":7532,"date":"2026-10-21T14:59:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T07:59:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=7532"},"modified":"2026-10-22T06:59:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T23:59:34","slug":"tin-gia-khoa-hoc-lan-truyen-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/tin-gia-khoa-hoc-lan-truyen-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc lan truy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf th\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<nav class=\"ds-strip\" aria-label=\"C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\"><a href=\"#chuong-1\"><b>01<\/b><span>Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#chuong-2\"><b>02<\/b><span>Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#chuong-3\"><b>03<\/b><span>V\u00ec sao tin sai \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt?<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#chuong-4\"><b>04<\/b><span>Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u?<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#chuong-5\"><b>05<\/b><span>V\u00ec sao \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady?<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#chuong-6\"><b>06<\/b><span>V\u00ec sao g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf th\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7?<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#chuong-7\"><b>07<\/b><span>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng?<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#chuong-8\"><b>08<\/b><span>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/span><\/a><\/nav>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"ds-sapo\">Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng lan nhanh ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t. N\u00f3 lan nh\u1edd c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i dung. V\u00ec v\u1eady, x\u00f3a t\u1eebng b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng sai kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc, K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Y h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 (2025) v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh (2022) \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng n\u1ed9i dung sau khi n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e1ng 9\/2020, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi 8.001 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. Ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho xem th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 v\u1eafc-xin Covid-19; s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i xem th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u00e0m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i s\u1ebd &#8220;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ti\u00eam&#8221; gi\u1ea3m 6,2 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 6,4 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u1edf M\u1ef9 (Loomba v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2021). B\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/tin-gia-vac-xin-covid19-va-y-dinh-tiem-chung\/\">Tin gi\u1ea3 v\u1eafc-xin Covid-19 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng: b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/a> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"ds-fig\"><picture><source media=\"(max-width: 700px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h1-thi-nghiem-loomba-doc-v2.webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h1-thi-nghiem-loomba-v2.webp\" alt=\"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Loomba v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2021: 8.001 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u1eafc-xin l\u00e0m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ti\u00eam gi\u1ea3m 6,2 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 6,4 \u1edf M\u1ef9\" width=\"1200\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/picture><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Loomba v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2021).<\/figcaption><details class=\"ds-data\"><summary>Xem s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef<\/summary><table><thead><tr><th>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1<\/th><th>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem th\u00f4ng tin sai v\u1ec1 v\u1eafc-xin Covid-19<\/td><td>6.001 (Anh 3.000, M\u1ef9 3.001)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng)<\/td><td>2.000 (m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc 1.000)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 &#8220;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ti\u00eam&#8221; gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, Anh<\/td><td>6,2 \u0111i\u1ec3m %<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 &#8220;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ti\u00eam&#8221; gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, M\u1ef9<\/td><td>6,4 \u0111i\u1ec3m %<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Ngu\u1ed3n: Loomba v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2021). Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e1ng 9\/2020.<\/p><\/details><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con s\u1ed1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00ec sao n\u00f3 \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u00f3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 quen thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 &#8220;ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec x\u00f3a&#8221; l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"ds-op\" id=\"chuong-1\"><div class=\"ds-op-in\"><div class=\"ds-op-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/div><div class=\"ds-op-t\"><div class=\"ds-op-k\">CH\u01af\u01a0NG 01 \/ 08<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2><p class=\"ds-op-a\">Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u00ean gia thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc, K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Y h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft NASEM), trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u0103m 2025 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. &#8220;S\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng&#8221; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [NASEM], 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung so v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ed9i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ngo\u00e0i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tin nh\u1eafn v\u00ec lo cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i th\u00f4ng tin sai, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng NASEM nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean (NASEM, 2025). Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, &#8220;sai&#8221; h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f4m nay, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi tin sai b\u00f9ng l\u00ean c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 &#8220;infodemic&#8221; (d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng tin): qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin sai ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 l\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c trong th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch. Theo WHO, d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng tin g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi r\u1ee7i ro cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u01a1 quan y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 (World Health Organization [WHO], kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y). C\u00e1ch WHO \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng tin trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/infodemic-covid19-va-who\/\">Infodemic Covid-19 n\u0103m 2020: b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Khung qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Infodemic c\u1ee7a WHO<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t tin khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-khoa-hoc-tren-mang-co-dang-tin\/\">L\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin?<\/a> \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c: nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"ds-op\" id=\"chuong-2\"><div class=\"ds-op-in\"><div class=\"ds-op-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/div><div class=\"ds-op-t\"><div class=\"ds-op-k\">CH\u01af\u01a0NG 02 \/ 08<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h2><p class=\"ds-op-a\">Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a NASEM li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i: doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn d\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c; ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia; c\u00e1c k\u00eanh &#8220;khoa h\u1ecdc thay th\u1ebf&#8221; v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe thay th\u1ebf; phim \u1ea3nh, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed; v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc. Theo h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin sai, th\u00f4ng qua truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, ho\u1eb7c gian l\u1eadn. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong danh s\u00e1ch (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin sai khi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>gi\u1eef chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c &#8220;cho hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng&#8221; (giving equal weight to both sides), k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eang h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean;<\/li>\n\n<li>d\u1ef1a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed;<\/li>\n\n<li>l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u;<\/li>\n\n<li>thi\u1ebfu ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c (NASEM, 2025).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c: uy t\u00edn khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb &#8220;m\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221;. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m chuy\u00ean gia, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc, y t\u1ebf h\u00e0nh x\u1eed thi\u1ebfu chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tin sai n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 nhau. Theo NASEM (2025), tin sai m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 l\u1edbn, nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng sai c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u00f4 danh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 sai t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c \u00e1o blouse tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean s\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 hai m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"ds-op\" id=\"chuong-3\"><div class=\"ds-op-in\"><div class=\"ds-op-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/div><div class=\"ds-op-t\"><div class=\"ds-op-k\">CH\u01af\u01a0NG 03 \/ 08<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao tin sai \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt?<\/h2><p class=\"ds-op-a\">M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean Twitter cho th\u1ea5y tin sai lan xa h\u01a1n, nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n tin \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 2018, ba nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT) c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <em>Science<\/em> m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 126.000 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 4,5 tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean Twitter, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2017. M\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang hay sai d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: \u1edf m\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, tin sai lan &#8220;xa h\u01a1n, nhanh h\u01a1n, s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n&#8221; tin \u0111\u00fang. Tin \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tin sai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n 70% (Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"ds-fig\"><picture><source media=\"(max-width: 700px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h2-tin-sai-lan-nhanh-hon-doc-v2.webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h2-tin-sai-lan-nhanh-hon-v2.webp\" alt=\"Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tin sai lan nhanh h\u01a1n tin \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ean Twitter: tin \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 6 l\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi 1.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tin sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 70%\" width=\"1200\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/picture><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 2. Tin sai v\u00e0 tin \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ean Twitter, theo Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2018).<\/figcaption><details class=\"ds-data\"><summary>Xem s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef<\/summary><table><thead><tr><th>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1<\/th><th>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Th\u1eddi gian tin \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn 1.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, so v\u1edbi tin sai<\/td><td>L\u00e2u h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 6 l\u1ea7n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tin sai, so v\u1edbi tin \u0111\u00fang<\/td><td>Cao h\u01a1n 70%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td><td>T\u0103ng t\u1ed1c tin \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 tin sai g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngang nhau<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Ngu\u1ed3n: Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2018). Twitter 2006-2017: kho\u1ea3ng 126.000 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, kho\u1ea3ng 3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u01a1n 4,5 tri\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p><\/details><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y: t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (bot) c\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 lan truy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u0103ng cho tin \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 tin sai g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngang nhau. Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tin sai lan r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i robot, c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chia s\u1ebb n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tin sai th\u01b0\u1eddng &#8220;m\u1edbi l\u1ea1&#8221; h\u01a1n tin \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia s\u1ebb (Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady v\u00ec sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb? B\u00e1o c\u00e1o NASEM t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p hai nh\u00f3m l\u00fd do. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00fac b\u1ea5m chia s\u1ebb, ho\u1eb7c chia s\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd: v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i. Theo h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng theo NASEM (2025), c\u00e1ch tin sai lan qua m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng vi\u1ebft th\u1eb3ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u01b0u ti\u00ean kinh doanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh (The Royal Society) \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n. Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2022 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y (The Royal Society, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh trong c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, &#8220;bu\u1ed3ng vang&#8221; (echo chamber) \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft &#8220;bong b\u00f3ng l\u1ecdc&#8221; (filter bubble) (The Royal Society, 2022). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin ri\u00eang, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3t xem, l\u01b0\u1ee3t chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n: khi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nhau, tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e0n ra c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng &#8220;sa m\u1ea1c&#8221; th\u00f4ng tin, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (The Royal Society, 2022). Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"ds-op\" id=\"chuong-4\"><div class=\"ds-op-in\"><div class=\"ds-op-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/div><div class=\"ds-op-t\"><div class=\"ds-op-k\">CH\u01af\u01a0NG 04 \/ 08<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h2><p class=\"ds-op-a\">Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 coi nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Loomba v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2021) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: xem tin sai l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh vi ti\u00eam th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o NASEM n\u00eau r\u00f5 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chung c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111o ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o h\u00e0nh vi. Theo h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, tin sai c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"ds-fig\"><picture><source media=\"(max-width: 700px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h3-khao-sat-hoi-hoang-gia-anh-doc-v2.webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h3-khao-sat-hoi-hoang-gia-anh-v2.webp\" alt=\"Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh 2021 v\u1ec1 tin sai khoa h\u1ecdc: 61%, 15%, 5% v\u00e0 5%\" width=\"1200\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/picture><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh v\u00e0 YouGov (The Royal Society, 2022).<\/figcaption><details class=\"ds-data\"><summary>Xem s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef<\/summary><table><thead><tr><th>Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th><th>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cho r\u1eb1ng internet gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/td><td>61%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 5G c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/td><td>15%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u00f4ng tin v\u1eafc-xin Covid-19 an to\u00e0n<\/td><td>5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u00f4ng tin con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/td><td>5%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Ngu\u1ed3n: The Royal Society (2022), kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00f9ng YouGov v\u1edbi 2.019 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Anh, th\u00e1ng 7\/2021.<\/p><\/details><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh c\u0169ng d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng tin sai khoa h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Trong kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t do H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ty YouGov v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7\/2021 v\u1edbi 2.019 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Anh, ch\u1ec9 5% kh\u00f4ng tin v\u1eafc-xin Covid-19 an to\u00e0n, 5% kh\u00f4ng tin con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, v\u00e0 15% tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 5G c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, 61% cho r\u1eb1ng internet \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa tin sai tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c (The Royal Society, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tin gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng lo. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o NASEM n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng chia \u0111\u1ec1u. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng &#8220;kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin&#8221; (information voids) m\u00e0 tin sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7. Tin sai nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hai l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn tin sai h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: khi n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh tin, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 (NASEM, 2025). M\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba l\u00e0, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng NASEM vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u chi ph\u1ed1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (NASEM, 2025). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00fang ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"ds-op\" id=\"chuong-5\"><div class=\"ds-op-in\"><div class=\"ds-op-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/div><div class=\"ds-op-t\"><div class=\"ds-op-k\">CH\u01af\u01a0NG 05 \/ 08<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady?<\/h2><p class=\"ds-op-a\">V\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin sai b\u00e1m r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tr\u00ed nh\u1edb: k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy lu\u1eadn.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (continued influence effect).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>C\u1ea9m nang b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tin sai 2020<\/em> (The Debunking Handbook 2020), do 22 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin sai c\u00f9ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn. C\u1ea9m nang vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin sai &#8220;d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t&#8221;, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh (Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam. Theo c\u1ea9m nang, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u sai khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n (Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020). M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tin sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i lo ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng: li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u sai, t\u1ee9c &#8220;ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng&#8221; (backfire)? C\u1ea9m nang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1 r\u00f5: hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng (Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn sai ch\u1ed7. Theo NASEM (2025), b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tin sai l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phai d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tin sai ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2018), b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5: tin sai ch\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eddi \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u0111u\u1ed5i theo sau, v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"ds-op\" id=\"chuong-6\"><div class=\"ds-op-in\"><div class=\"ds-op-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/div><div class=\"ds-op-t\"><div class=\"ds-op-k\">CH\u01af\u01a0NG 06 \/ 08<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf th\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7?<\/h2><p class=\"ds-op-a\">V\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi tin sai khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ed9i dung sang nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a internet.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho tin sai khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t hay n\u1ed9i dung kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi tin sai khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i tin sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f2n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u1ee3i, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ed9i dung, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3, sang nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a internet (The Royal Society, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 x\u00f3a, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1ee3i \u00fd nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c: c\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i dung sai, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tin su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi (The Royal Society, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1o c\u00e1o NASEM b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do s\u00e2u h\u01a1n: ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00ean vai t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng tin sai c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi nhau (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"ds-fig\"><picture><source media=\"(max-width: 700px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h4-bon-diem-can-thiep-doc-v2.webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h4-bon-diem-can-thiep-v2.webp\" alt=\"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m can thi\u1ec7p tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc theo NASEM: ngu\u1ed3n cung, nhu c\u1ea7u, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn; g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o kh\u00e2u ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i\" width=\"1200\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/picture><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 4. B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m can thi\u1ec7p theo NASEM (2025).<\/figcaption><details class=\"ds-data\"><summary>Xem s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef<\/summary><table><thead><tr><th>\u0110i\u1ec3m can thi\u1ec7p<\/th><th>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/td><td>Ai t\u1ea1o ra tin sai<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nhu c\u1ea7u<\/td><td>V\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y)<\/td><td>Tin sai lan \u0111i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/td><td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 ra sao<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Ngu\u1ed3n: NASEM (2025). Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><\/details><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng tin: ngu\u1ed3n cung (ai t\u1ea1o ra tin sai), nhu c\u1ea7u (v\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3), ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan \u0111i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 ra sao). \u0110\u1ebfn nay, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f9ng l\u00fac (NASEM, 2025). G\u1ee1 b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m: ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau khi tin sai \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o NASEM xem x\u00e9t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"ds-op\" id=\"chuong-7\"><div class=\"ds-op-in\"><div class=\"ds-op-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/div><div class=\"ds-op-t\"><div class=\"ds-op-k\">CH\u01af\u01a0NG 07 \/ 08<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng?<\/h2><p class=\"ds-op-a\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ba h\u01b0\u1edbng: &#8220;ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng&#8221; tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1eb7p tin sai, \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sau khi tin sai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda nh\u1eefng m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i tin sai.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin sai \u0111\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng &#8220;ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd&#8221; (psychological inoculation), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 prebunking, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>C\u1ea9m nang b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tin sai 2020<\/em> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u1eafc-xin: khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t &#8220;li\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu&#8221; c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00fang, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng &#8220;kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c&#8221; gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 sau (Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 2022, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Roozenbeek v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eed \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Qua b\u1ea3y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 30.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, h\u1ecd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem nh\u1eefng video ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 ph\u00fat gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00fang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn &#8220;ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebf kia&#8221; gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean YouTube k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 15 ng\u00e0y, hai video \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb cho kho\u1ea3ng 5,4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng; 967.347 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem t\u1eeb 30 gi\u00e2y tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m tra; nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 22.632 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m xem video v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xem video nh\u1eadn ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00fang t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 0,05 USD cho m\u1ed7i l\u01b0\u1ee3t xem qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o (Roozenbeek v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2022). Theo th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge, m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 5% (University of Cambridge, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"ds-fig\"><picture><source media=\"(max-width: 700px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h6-tiem-phong-tam-ly-youtube-doc-v2.webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h6-tiem-phong-tam-ly-youtube-v2.webp\" alt=\"Ph\u1ec5u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u00ean YouTube: kho\u1ea3ng 5,4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, 967.347 l\u01b0\u1ee3t xem tr\u00ean 30 gi\u00e2y, 22.632 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\" width=\"1200\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/picture><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 5. Ph\u1ec5u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean YouTube (Roozenbeek v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2022).<\/figcaption><details class=\"ds-data\"><summary>Xem s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef<\/summary><table><thead><tr><th>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th><th>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb video qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o (15 ng\u00e0y)<\/td><td>Kho\u1ea3ng 5,4 tri\u1ec7u<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem t\u1eeb 30 gi\u00e2y tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/td><td>967.347<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd (g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng)<\/td><td>22.632<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i l\u01b0\u1ee3t xem<\/td><td>Kho\u1ea3ng 0,05 USD<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Ngu\u1ed3n: Roozenbeek v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2022).<\/p><\/details><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ee9c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u1ea5y nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u sau khung 24 gi\u1edd (Roozenbeek v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2022). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c video nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00fang ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tin sai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o NASEM (2025) c\u0169ng x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n &#8220;sai&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi tin sai \u0111\u00e3 lan, NASEM khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n &#8220;sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221;: c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 sai, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1ea5y (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>C\u1ea9m nang b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tin sai 2020<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"ds-fig\"><picture><source media=\"(max-width: 700px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h5-bon-buoc-dinh-chinh-doc-v2-scaled.webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/h5-bon-buoc-dinh-chinh-v2.webp\" alt=\"B\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai: s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\" width=\"1200\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/picture><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 6. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a <em>C\u1ea9m nang b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tin sai 2020<\/em> (Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020).<\/figcaption><details class=\"ds-data\"><summary>Xem s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef<\/summary><table><thead><tr><th>B\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th><th>N\u1ed9i dung<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/td><td>M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/td><td>B\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafp nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin sai<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/td><td>Ch\u1ec9 ra th\u00f4ng tin sai \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/td><td>K\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Ngu\u1ed3n: Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2020).<\/p><\/details><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt:<\/strong> m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 tin sai:<\/strong> b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafp nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin sai.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ed7 sai:<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 ra th\u00f4ng tin sai \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt:<\/strong> k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1eeda c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a NASEM (2025) kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng tin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed:<\/strong> ph\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd duy\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, k\u00e8m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf:<\/strong> c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1:<\/strong> c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>B\u00e1o ch\u00ed:<\/strong> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1o ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed n\u00ean b\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00ed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>C\u01a1 quan \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Royal Society (2022) th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n: h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc truy c\u1eadp mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tin cho m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"ds-op\" id=\"chuong-8\"><div class=\"ds-op-in\"><div class=\"ds-op-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/div><div class=\"ds-op-t\"><div class=\"ds-op-k\">CH\u01af\u01a0NG 08 \/ 08<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h2><p class=\"ds-op-a\">B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh m\u1eaft x\u00edch m\u00ecnh \u0111ang n\u1eafm gi\u1eef.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo NASEM (2025), ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m can thi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t; nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a hai b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1ee3i \u00fd nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u1edf ph\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc duy\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00fang \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n (NASEM, 2025). B\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/kiem-tra-nghien-cuu-chia-se-tren-mang\/\">L\u00e0m sao ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng?<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh tham chi\u1ebfu trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e1ng 1\/2021, B\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ra m\u1eaft Trung t\u00e2m X\u1eed l\u00fd tin gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, thu\u1ed9c C\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1t thanh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00f9ng c\u1ed5ng tingia.gov.vn. Theo VnEconomy, trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n tin gi\u1ea3, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi tin gi\u1ea3 (Th\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7u, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i l\u00e0: hai b\u00ean m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ngang nhau v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng? NASEM (2025) x\u1ebfp chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c &#8220;cho hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng&#8221; v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn b\u00e1o ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 khi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Uy t\u00edn khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ngo\u00e0i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai (NASEM, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau, theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac &#8220;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&#8221; m\u00e0 <em>C\u1ea9m nang b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tin sai 2020<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t (Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"ds-band\"><p>\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecfi &#8220;l\u00e0m sao x\u00f3a tin sai&#8221;, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi &#8220;m\u1eaft x\u00edch n\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n&#8221;.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft: m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3 tin. Hai b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a NASEM v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c: tin sai \u0111i nhanh v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb trong v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, v\u00ec n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00ec t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang ch\u01b0a l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn: tin sai l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u00edch nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n; ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn; v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung, n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 \u00edt b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc: tin sai g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bao l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0: \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecfi &#8220;l\u00e0m sao x\u00f3a tin sai&#8221;, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi &#8220;m\u1eaft x\u00edch n\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1ecfi nhanh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c tin \u0111\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong>\nTin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 (NASEM, 2025). Tin \u0111\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c sai; tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bot c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m tin sai lan nhanh?<\/strong>\nKh\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Twitter giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2017 cho th\u1ea5y bot l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u1ea3 tin \u0111\u00fang l\u1eabn tin sai g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngang nhau; tin sai lan r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n (Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u sai h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>\nHi\u1ebfm khi. Theo <em>C\u1ea9m nang b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tin sai 2020<\/em>, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh (Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Prebunking l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong>\nL\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p tin sai, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch v\u1eafc-xin chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020). Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean YouTube n\u0103m 2022, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem video ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00fang nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng (Roozenbeek v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group ds-end\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (<a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dy-khoa-la-ai\/\">Dy Khoa<\/a>), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details dk-refs is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (9 ngu\u1ed3n)<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Ecker, U. K. H., Albarrac\u00edn, D., Amazeen, M. A., Kendeou, P., Lombardi, D., Newman, E. J., Pennycook, G., Porter, E., Rand, D. G., Rapp, D. N., Reifler, J., Roozenbeek, J., Schmid, P., Seifert, C. M., Sinatra, G. M., Swire-Thompson, B., van der Linden, S., . . . Zaragoza, M. S. (2020). <em>The debunking handbook 2020<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17910\/b7.1182<\/li>\n\n<li>Loomba, S., de Figueiredo, A., Piatek, S. J., de Graaf, K., &amp; Larson, H. J. (2021). Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA. <em>Nature Human Behaviour, 5<\/em>(3), 337-348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01056-1<\/li>\n\n<li>National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2025). <em>Understanding and addressing misinformation about science<\/em>. The National Academies Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/27894<\/li>\n\n<li>Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., Goldberg, B., Rathje, S., &amp; Lewandowsky, S. (2022). Psychological inoculation improves resilience against misinformation on social media. <em>Science Advances, 8<\/em>(34), Article eabo6254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abo6254<\/li>\n\n<li>The Royal Society. (2022). <em>The online information environment: Understanding how the internet shapes people&#8217;s engagement with scientific information<\/em>. https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/policy\/projects\/online-information-environment\/the-online-information-environment.pdf<\/li>\n\n<li>Th\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7u. (2021, ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 1). Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 Trung t\u00e2m X\u1eed l\u00fd tin gi\u1ea3. <em>VnEconomy<\/em>. https:\/\/vneconomy.vn\/viet-nam-co-trung-tam-xu-ly-tin-gia.htm<\/li>\n\n<li>University of Cambridge. (2022, ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 8). <em>Social media experiment reveals potential to &#8220;inoculate&#8221; millions of users against misinformation<\/em>. https:\/\/cam.ac.uk\/node\/233881<\/li>\n\n<li>Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., &amp; Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. <em>Science, 359<\/em>(6380), 1146-1151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aap9559<\/li>\n\n<li>World Health Organization. (kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y). <em>Infodemic<\/em>. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/infodemic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng lan nhanh ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 x\u00f3a t\u1eebng b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng sai kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_dk_pin_until":"2026-10-24 06:00","footnotes":""},"categories":[1252,9,3],"tags":[426,316,48,317,23],"dk_series":[],"class_list":["post-7532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-doc-sau","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-kiem-chung-thong-tin","tag-prebunking","tag-thong-tin-sai-lech","tag-tin-gia","tag-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc lan truy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc lan nhanh v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf th\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/tin-gia-khoa-hoc-lan-truyen-the-nao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc lan truy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc lan nhanh v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung. 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