{"id":7069,"date":"2026-10-15T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T12:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=7069"},"modified":"2026-10-15T04:56:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T21:56:13","slug":"vi-sao-loi-tien-tri-tan-the-van-co-nguoi-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-loi-tien-tri-tan-the-van-co-nguoi-tin\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1eadn th\u1ebf c\u1ee9 sai m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1eadn th\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 sai nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin &#8220;k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&#8221;. Th\u00f4ng tin ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i h\u01a1n (Bebbington v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2017; Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018). Khi l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i thay v\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin (Dawson, 1999). C\u00f2n khi b\u1ea5m chia s\u1ebb, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 xem \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng (Pennycook &amp; Rand, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n tin, chi ti\u1ebft ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u00f2n chi ti\u1ebft m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (Bebbington v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2017).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00ean Twitter, tin sai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n tin th\u1eadt 70%, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin (Dawson, 1999).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n (Pennycook &amp; Rand, 2021).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ngay-tan-the-13-11-2026\/\">ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf 13\/11\/2026<\/a>&#8221; \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb kh\u1eafp m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 21\/12\/2012, ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya &#8220;k\u1ebft th\u00fac&#8221;. Khi \u1ea5y, NASA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh video gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn th\u1ebf (Nuwer, 2012). Ng\u00e0y qua \u0111i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eady v\u00ec sao nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lan truy\u1ec1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc: \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn th\u1ebf d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 lan truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao tin v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn th\u1ebf d\u1ec5 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc cho 92 chu\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cho nhau, gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i &#8220;tam sao th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n&#8221;. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: chi ti\u1ebft ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n chi ti\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 th\u00ec d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n (Bebbington v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin t\u1eadn th\u1ebf c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c: s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1edbn tr\u00ean Twitter giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2017, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 126.000 chu\u1ed7i chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, cho th\u1ea5y tin sai th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 h\u01a1n tin th\u1eadt. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi tin sai c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n (Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018). M\u1ed9t &#8220;l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3&#8221; h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, v\u1eeba l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec sao ta d\u1ec5 sa v\u00e0o <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/doomscrolling-la-gi-va-vi-sao-kho-dung-lai\/\">doomscrolling<\/a>, t\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1edbt m\u00e3i nh\u1eefng tin x\u1ea5u d\u00f9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u00e3 sai m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 l\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1956 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Leon Festinger v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u1edf M\u1ef9. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t l\u1edbn s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u. Theo cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng tan r\u00e3, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u00f2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Dawson, 1999).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Festinger gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (cognitive dissonance). Khi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 k\u00e9o th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng tin, \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n (Dawson, 1999).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u0103m 2026, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Thomas Kelly c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1ee7a Festinger. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e3 tan r\u00e3 sau \u0111\u00f3 (Kelly, 2026). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc Lorne Dawson t\u1ed5ng quan kho\u1ea3ng 17 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u00f3m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c (Dawson, 1999). C\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0 Dawson ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Ki\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i<\/th><th>\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u1ea7ng tinh th\u1ea7n<\/td><td>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coi l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed<\/td><td>S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00f2ng tin<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai s\u00f3t<\/td><td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc sai d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td><td>M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra (\u00edt g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngu\u1ed3n: Dawson (1999).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dawson c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap ni\u1ec1m tin &#8220;s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t&#8221;: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u00e0ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 th\u00ec c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i (Dawson, 1999). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u &#8220;t\u00ednh sai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m&#8221; r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y c\u0169 tr\u00f4i qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o t\u1eadn th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thuat-ngu\/thuyet-am-muu-conspiracy-theory\/\">thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m m\u01b0u<\/a> g\u1ee3i \u00fd ba nh\u00f3m nhu c\u1ea7u. Douglas v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2017) t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1eadn th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c &#8220;m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft&#8221;, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng lo \u00e2u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng t\u1ed5ng quan n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n (Douglas v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2017). C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m m\u01b0u, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao ta chia s\u1ebb d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u1eadt?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec c\u1ed1 \u00fd lan truy\u1ec1n tin sai. Pennycook v\u00e0 Rand (2021) t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00fa \u00fd: khi l\u01b0\u1edbt m\u1ea1ng, ta ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tin c\u00f3 th\u00fa v\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Twitter c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn tin sai lan nhanh (Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i l\u01b0\u1ee3t chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n chia s\u1ebb tin t\u1eadn th\u1ebf?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u. C\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00eau tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang cho tin t\u1eadn th\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n, thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 &#8220;Tin n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u1eady?&#8221; gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia t\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n (Pennycook &amp; Rand, 2021).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.<\/strong> Tin t\u1eadn th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi lo \u00e2u. Ghi nh\u1eadn n\u1ed7i lo c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chia s\u1ebb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/strong> V\u1edbi ng\u00e0y 13\/11\/2026, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1960, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 sinh nh\u1eadt t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, th\u01b0\u1eddng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u &#8220;tin gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5y&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u00e1ch ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi th\u00f4ng tin sai.<\/strong> Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/tiem-phong-tam-ly-psychological-inoculation-tin-gia-khoa-hoc\/\">ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/a>, t\u1ee9c gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tin sai tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eb7p n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-khoa-hoc-tren-mang-co-dang-tin\/\">\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1eadn th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c hay chia s\u1ebb khi ch\u01b0a ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (Bebbington v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2017; Pennycook &amp; Rand, 2021). B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin (Dawson, 1999).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin c\u00e0ng tin h\u01a1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Festinger, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ee7a Dawson (1999) cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u00f3m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m suy y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c tan r\u00e3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft l\u00fang t\u00fang. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Festinger c\u0169ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n (Kelly, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tin sai c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 lan nhanh h\u01a1n tin th\u1eadt?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Twitter giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2017, c\u00f3. Tin sai lan xa, nhanh, s\u00e2u v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n tin th\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n 70% (Vosoughi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3 n\u00ean tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khi ni\u1ec1m tin g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ni\u1ec1m tin (Dawson, 1999). M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf ra suy ngh\u0129 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean nh\u1edb?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1eadn th\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin &#8220;ng\u00e2y th\u01a1&#8221;, m\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ta n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u. V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5m chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t &#8220;ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf&#8221; m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (<a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dy-khoa-la-ai\/\">Dy Khoa<\/a>), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details dk-refs is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (7 ngu\u1ed3n)<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bebbington, K., MacLeod, C., Ellison, T. M., &amp; Fay, N. (2017). The sky is falling: Evidence of a negativity bias in the social transmission of information. <em>Evolution and Human Behavior, 38<\/em>(1), 92-101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2016.07.004 (b\u1ea3n m\u1edf: https:\/\/openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au\/items\/a880c24c-9da0-43b5-b356-aa84c130e8ae)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dawson, L. L. (1999). When prophecy fails and faith persists: A theoretical overview. <em>Nova Religio, 3<\/em>(1), 60-82. https:\/\/online.ucpress.edu\/nr\/article\/3\/1\/60\/71070\/When-Prophecy-Fails-and-Faith-Persists-A (b\u1ea3n m\u1edf: https:\/\/www.gwern.net\/doc\/sociology\/1999-dawson.pdf)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Douglas, K. M., Sutton, R. M., &amp; Cichocka, A. (2017). The psychology of conspiracy theories. <em>Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26<\/em>(6), 538-542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963721417718261 (b\u1ea3n m\u1edf: https:\/\/kar.kent.ac.uk\/61995\/)<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n<li>Kelly, T. (2026). Debunking &#8220;When prophecy fails&#8221;. <em>Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 62<\/em>, e70043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jhbs.70043 (b\u1ea3n m\u1edf: https:\/\/gwern.net\/doc\/psychology\/cognitive-bias\/2025-kelly.pdf)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nuwer, R. (2012, ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 12). NASA assures us the world won&#8217;t end on Friday. <em>Smithsonian Magazine<\/em>. https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/nasa-assures-us-the-world-wont-end-on-friday-165077465\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pennycook, G., &amp; Rand, D. G. (2021). The psychology of fake news. <em>Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25<\/em>(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2021.02.007 (b\u1ea3n m\u1edf: https:\/\/dspace.mit.edu\/handle\/1721.1\/144268)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., &amp; Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. <em>Science, 359<\/em>(6380), 1146-1151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aap9559 (b\u1ea3n m\u1edf: https:\/\/politics.media.mit.edu\/papers\/Vosoughi_Science.pdf)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ec sao l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1eadn th\u1ebf c\u1ee9 sai m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb? T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[918,917,878,919,317],"dk_series":[],"class_list":["post-7069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-bat-hoa-nhan-thuc","tag-loi-tien-tri-tan-the","tag-ngay-tan-the","tag-tam-ly-chia-se","tag-tin-gia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>V\u00ec sao l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1eadn th\u1ebf c\u1ee9 sai m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u00ec sao l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1eadn th\u1ebf c\u1ee9 sai m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb? 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