{"id":6544,"date":"2026-10-13T21:44:27","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T14:44:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=6544"},"modified":"2026-10-13T21:44:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T14:44:27","slug":"nobel-hoa-hoc-2026-tong-hop-bat-doi-xung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/nobel-hoa-hoc-2026-tong-hop-bat-doi-xung\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2026: ph\u00e2n t\u1eed &#8220;tay tr\u00e1i, tay ph\u1ea3i&#8221; v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho Henri B. Kagan (Ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 Kenso Soai (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) &#8220;v\u00ec ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng&#8221; (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026a). N\u00f3i g\u1ecdn, hai \u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1ea1ng &#8220;tay tr\u00e1i&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;tay ph\u1ea3i&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nhau, gi\u1ed1ng hai b\u00e0n tay; s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n<li>N\u0103m 1986, Kagan ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n\n<li>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 \u0111\u1ebfn 2003, Soai x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng &#8220;tay&#8221; l\u00ean g\u1ea7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 &#8220;ch\u1ecdn tay&#8221; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed &#8220;tay tr\u00e1i, tay ph\u1ea3i&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00edt l\u00ean nhau, nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n tay tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i. Hai d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i quang (enantiomer); h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a hai d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 50\/50 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p racemic (Nguyen v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2006). T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t &#8220;c\u00f3 tay&#8221; n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i (chirality).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Louis Pasteur t\u1eebng d\u00f9ng nh\u00edp t\u00e1ch hai d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a axit tartaric; dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c theo hai chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. N\u0103m 1857, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 l\u00ean men m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i quang (homochirality): axit amin t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong protein lu\u00f4n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng &#8220;tay tr\u00e1i&#8221;, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong chu\u1ed7i xo\u1eafn DNA \u1edf d\u1ea1ng &#8220;tay ph\u1ea3i&#8221; (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026b). Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra hai d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng nhau (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang &#8220;m\u1ed9t tay&#8221;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed &#8220;c\u00f3 tay&#8221;, n\u00ean hai d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf hai d\u1ea1ng \u1ea3nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng; m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, d\u1ea1ng kia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 thalidomide. Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i b\u00ea b\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, khi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb d\u1ecb t\u1eadt b\u1ea9m sinh, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn ra d\u1ea1ng \u1ea3nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026b). Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00eam m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng: d\u1ea1ng S c\u1ee7a thalidomide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00e2y d\u1ecb t\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng hai d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a qua l\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (Nguyen v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2006). V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng tinh khi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p sang d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i quang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; t\u1ed5ng quan n\u00e0y n\u00eau esomeprazole v\u00e0 escitalopram l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (Nguyen v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2006). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, &#8220;m\u1ed9t tay&#8221; l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u1eebng thu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/\">m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn m\u00e0 Henri Kagan ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i quang c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1986, gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh: ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u00e0ng thu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e0ng thu\u1ea7n theo \u0111\u00fang t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kagan, khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Paris-Sud, \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i trong ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai ph\u00e2n t\u1eed &#8220;c\u00f3 tay&#8221;. Khi tr\u1ed9n d\u1ea1ng tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ba ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c: tr\u00e1i-tr\u00e1i, ph\u1ea3i-ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i-ph\u1ea3i; ki\u1ec3u &#8220;l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f4i&#8221; tr\u00e1i-ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026b). H\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u1eb7p, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p &#8220;l\u1ec7ch tay&#8221; l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u0103m 1986 tr\u00ean Journal of the American Chemical Society, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Kagan m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ba ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y; c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cho hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh khi\u1ebft h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n), c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cho hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e2m (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026c). N\u0103m 1989, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Ryoji Noyori ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i quang (enantiomeric excess) 15% nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0 98% (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Soai &#8220;t\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i&#8221; m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soai thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 (t\u1ef1 x\u00fac t\u00e1c, autocatalysis), v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00fang d\u1ea1ng &#8220;tay&#8221; c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Charles Frank \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1953: m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m d\u1ea1ng \u1ea3nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026b, 2026c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc Tokyo, Soai t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t 5-pyrimidyl alkanol c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng &#8220;t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n&#8221;. Trong c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1995, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 2% c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 87% (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026b). N\u0103m 2003, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c: xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 0,00005%, sau ba l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0 tr\u00ean 99,5%, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 630.000 l\u1ea7n (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026c). Theo Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t trong hai d\u1ea1ng \u1ea3nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 &#8220;ch\u1ecdn tay&#8221; m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tay. Soai v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Daniel Singleton \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y; trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t 37 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Soai, 18 l\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1ng R v\u00e0 19 l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1ng S (R v\u00e0 S l\u00e0 t\u00ean quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a hai d\u1ea1ng \u1ea3nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8220;tay&#8221; n\u00e0o th\u1eafng (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Frank kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i quang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra kho\u1ea3ng 3,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Soai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng &#8220;kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan&#8221; \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i quang sinh h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 &#8220;ch\u1ecdn tay&#8221;, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/\">v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hay n\u00f3i &#8220;ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&#8221;<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m h\u00f3a. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng di\u1ec5n ra th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i quang tinh khi\u1ebft h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026b). M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 x\u00fac t\u00e1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i do nh\u00f3m Erick Carreira c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t trung gian c\u1ee7a efavirenz, thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi g\u1eb7p ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u &#8220;Nobel cho thu\u1ed1c an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n&#8221;, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i cho ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-khoa-hoc-tren-mang-co-dang-tin\/\">l\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/doc-tin-giai-nobel-the-nao-cho-dung\/\">\u0111\u1ecdc tin gi\u1ea3i Nobel th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang<\/a> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ri\u00eang c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi \u0111\u01b0a tin Nobel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ai?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Henri B. Kagan sinh n\u0103m 1930 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Paris-Sud (t\u00ean g\u1ecdi khi \u0111\u00f3). Kenso Soai sinh n\u0103m 1950 t\u1ea1i Hiroshima (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc Tokyo. Hai \u00f4ng chia \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng 12 tri\u1ec7u krona Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea3i n\u0103m 2026 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 (Kagan) \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1995 v\u00e0 2003 (Soai), t\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trao gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 n\u0103m (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2026a). V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi \u0111\u1ecdc tin, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u0103m c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u0103m nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i. C\u00f9ng chu\u1ed7i b\u00e0i Nobel 2026 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/nobel-y-sinh-2026-optogenetics\/\">Nobel Y sinh 2026 v\u1ec1 optogenetics<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean nh\u1edb?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng &#8220;tay tr\u00e1i, tay ph\u1ea3i&#8221;, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn. Kagan cho th\u1ea5y quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh; Soai bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng l\u00ean g\u1ea7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 &#8220;ch\u1ecdn tay&#8221; ra sao. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng tin khoa h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/kiem-chung-thong-tin-khoa-hoc\/\">ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a> c\u1ee7a Dy Khoa Blog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (<a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dy-khoa-la-ai\/\">Dy Khoa<\/a>), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details dk-refs is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (4 ngu\u1ed3n)<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nguyen, L. A., He, H., &amp; Pham-Huy, C. (2006). Chiral drugs: An overview. <em>International Journal of Biomedical Science, 2<\/em>(2), 85-100. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3614593\/<\/li>\n\n<li>Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. (2026a, ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 10). <em>The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2026<\/em> [Press release]. https:\/\/www.kva.se\/en\/news\/the-nobel-prize-in-chemistry-2026\/ (b\u1ea3n PDF: https:\/\/www.kva.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/10\/nobel-chemistry-2026-press-release_513dv7jn5f.pdf)<\/li>\n\n<li>Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. (2026b). <em>They solved chemistry&#8217;s asymmetric mystery<\/em> [B\u00e0i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc]. https:\/\/www.kva.se\/en\/prizes\/nobel-prizes\/they-solved-chemistrys-asymmetric-mystery\/<\/li>\n\n<li>Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. (2026c, ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 10). <em>Scientific background to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2026: Non-linear effects and autocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis<\/em>. https:\/\/www.kva.se\/app\/uploads\/2026\/10\/nobel-chemistry-2026-scientific-background_98nb7jaql4.pdf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2026 vinh danh Kagan v\u00e0 Soai v\u00ec ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed &#8220;m\u1ed9t tay&#8221;. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00ec sao quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[875,876,865,873,874],"class_list":["post-6544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-cong-nghe-doi-song","tag-dong-phan-doi-quang","tag-hoa-hoc","tag-nobel-2026","tag-nobel-hoa-hoc","tag-tong-hop-bat-doi-xung"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2026: ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tay tr\u00e1i, tay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2026 trao cho Kagan v\u00e0 Soai: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed &quot;tay tr\u00e1i, tay ph\u1ea3i&quot;, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Soai v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/nobel-hoa-hoc-2026-tong-hop-bat-doi-xung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2026: ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tay tr\u00e1i, tay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2026 trao cho Kagan v\u00e0 Soai: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed &quot;tay tr\u00e1i, tay ph\u1ea3i&quot;, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Soai v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/nobel-hoa-hoc-2026-tong-hop-bat-doi-xung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dy Khoa Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/zykhoa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-13T14:44:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/nobel-hoa-hoc-2026-tong-hop-bat-doi-xung-anh-bia.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dy Khoa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dy Khoa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dykhoa.com\\\/blog\\\/nobel-hoa-hoc-2026-tong-hop-bat-doi-xung\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dykhoa.com\\\/blog\\\/nobel-hoa-hoc-2026-tong-hop-bat-doi-xung\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dykhoa.com\\\/#person\"},\"headline\":\"Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2026: ph\u00e2n t\u1eed &#8220;tay tr\u00e1i, tay ph\u1ea3i&#8221; 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