{"id":6540,"date":"2026-10-13T21:43:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T14:43:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=6540"},"modified":"2026-10-13T21:43:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T14:43:51","slug":"nobel-y-sinh-2026-optogenetics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/nobel-y-sinh-2026-optogenetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel Y sinh 2026: optogenetics l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1ea3i Nobel Sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c Y h\u1ecdc 2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann v\u00e0 Georg Nagel &#8220;v\u00ec nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh ion \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc&#8221; (Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet, 2026). Quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc (optogenetics) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u1eafn v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein nh\u1ea1y s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m s\u00e1ng (Fernholm, 2026). \u0110\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i t\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o: protein channelrhodopsin m\u1edf &#8220;c\u1eeda&#8221; cho ion khi g\u1eb7p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n\n<li>Hegemann v\u00e0 Nagel t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c k\u00eanh n\u00e0y; Deisseroth bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh &#8220;c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng&#8221; cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh n\u0103m 2005.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ra nh\u00f3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi hay k\u00fd \u1ee9c, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optogenetics (quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n gen m\u00e3 h\u00f3a protein nh\u1ea1y s\u00e1ng; khi chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft (Fernholm, 2026). T\u00ean optogenetics \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103m 2006 (Fernholm, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 90 t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh (Fernholm, 2026). N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u0169 gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eadt c\u1ea7u dao c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7ng nh\u00e0, th\u00ec quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p b\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n. Deisseroth n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u1edd STAT: &#8220;Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra&#8221; (Merelli, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t &#8220;c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng&#8221;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Theo H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nobel, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i &#8220;th\u00f4&#8221;: ch\u00fang cho bi\u1ebft v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hay h\u00e0nh vi (Fernholm, 2026). K\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 l\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, c\u00f2n thu\u1ed1c lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i ch\u1eadm, n\u00ean kh\u00f3 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc b\u1eadt t\u1eaft nhanh (Conger, 2026). Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t &#8220;li\u00ean quan&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;g\u00e2y ra&#8221; l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/\">m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: v\u00ec sao t\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o <em>Chlamydomonas<\/em>, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 0,015 mm, bi\u1ebft b\u01a1i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng? B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, Hegemann ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t xung \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 n\u1eeda mili gi\u00e2y sau khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi &#8220;\u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eaft&#8221; m\u00e0u cam c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o (Fernholm, 2026). \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi, r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t protein duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1eeba b\u1eaft \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0m k\u00eanh ion (Fernholm, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2000, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i t\u1ea3o, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Hegemann t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y hai gen gi\u1ed1ng gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c protein b\u1eaft s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft (Fernholm, 2026). Georg Nagel, khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n Max Planck v\u1ec1 L\u00fd sinh t\u1ea1i Frankfurt, \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea3n sao c\u00e1c gen n\u00e0y v\u00e0o tr\u1ee9ng \u1ebfch. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: protein t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng k\u00eanh ion m\u1edf ra khi g\u1eb7p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 0,2 mili gi\u00e2y; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 channelrhodopsin-1 v\u00e0 channelrhodopsin-2 (Fernholm, 2026). Theo H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Hegemann kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 channelrhodopsin-1 n\u0103m 2002 (European Research Council, 2026). B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u0103m 2003 v\u1ec1 channelrhodopsin-2 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn k\u00eanh n\u00e0y &#8220;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed c\u1ef1c c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng&#8221; (Nagel v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2003).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Karl Deisseroth \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deisseroth l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn kh\u00e1m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ph\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 (Conger, 2026). \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 xin Nagel \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA m\u00e3 h\u00f3a channelrhodopsin-2, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh chu\u1ed9t nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u0129a. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng xanh lam l\u00e0m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1ea7n kinh; nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u0103m 2005 (Fernholm, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ee3i quang m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o n\u00e3o chu\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng ria c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t (Fernholm, 2026). N\u0103m 2012, trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi Susumu Tonegawa, nh\u00f3m k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u01b0u gi\u1eef k\u00fd \u1ee9c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, khi\u1ebfn chu\u1ed9t t\u1ecf ra s\u1ee3 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nguy hi\u1ec3m. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nobel m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (Fernholm, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nobel, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7n kinh chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au, h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t, vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, lo \u00e2u, t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t, b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh Parkinson (Fernholm, 2026). Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee6y ban Nobel Per Svenningsson nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng &#8220;l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01a1 t\u1edbi&#8221; (Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optogenetics \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh ch\u01b0a?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nobel vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u &#8220;\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean&#8221; h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi d\u00f9ng quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb (Fernholm, 2026). V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 do vi\u00eam v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 (retinitis pigmentosa): m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 channelrhodopsin \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u00e0n khi \u0111eo k\u00ednh ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (Fernholm, 2026). Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u1ed1c tai \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng (Fernholm, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ed1ng Parkinson hay g\u00e2y ra r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t (Conger, 2026). V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y tin &#8220;Nobel cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh n\u00e3o b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng&#8221;, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i qu\u00e1. B\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nha-khoa-hoc-hay-noi-chua-chac-chan\/\">v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hay n\u00f3i \u201cch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\u201d<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ai b\u1ecb b\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc chia \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng 12 tri\u1ec7u krona Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n. Karl Deisseroth (sinh n\u0103m 1971) l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Y khoa Howard Hughes, M\u1ef9; Peter Hegemann (sinh n\u0103m 1954) l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt Berlin; Georg Nagel (sinh n\u0103m 1953) l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc W\u00fcrzburg, \u0110\u1ee9c (Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3i Nobel ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia cho t\u1ed1i \u0111a ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet, n.d.). T\u1edd STAT ghi nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho r\u1eb1ng Ed Boyden, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u0103m 2005, l\u1ebd ra c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh (Merelli, 2026). Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/doc-tin-giai-nobel-the-nao-cho-dung\/\">\u0111\u1ecdc tin gi\u1ea3i Nobel th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i gen c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gen m\u00e3 h\u00f3a protein nh\u1ea1y s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (Fernholm, 2026). \u1ede ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c n\u00eau tr\u00ean (Fernholm, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng gen c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec channelrhodopsin c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o t\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra khi g\u1eb7p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhanh, ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,2 mili gi\u00e2y, n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1ea7n kinh v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t nhanh (Fernholm, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean nh\u1edb?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nobel Y sinh 2026 t\u00f4n vinh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i t\u1ea3o b\u01a1i theo \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1eadt t\u1eaft t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nobel nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o; \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/nobel-vat-ly-2026-neutrino-icecube\/\">Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd 2026 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t neutrino t\u1eeb v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/a>. Khi g\u1eb7p tin khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-khoa-hoc-tren-mang-co-dang-tin\/\">l\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/a> v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/kiem-chung-thong-tin-khoa-hoc\/\">ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a> c\u1ee7a Dy Khoa Blog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n y khoa cho t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (<a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dy-khoa-la-ai\/\">Dy Khoa<\/a>), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details dk-refs is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (7 ngu\u1ed3n)<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Conger, K. (2026, ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 10). Karl Deisseroth awarded 2026 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. <em>Stanford Report<\/em>. https:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/stories\/2026\/10\/karl-deisseroth-nobel-prize-physiology-medicine<\/li>\n\n<li>European Research Council. (2026, ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 10). <em>ERC grantee Peter Hegemann shares Nobel Prize in Medicine<\/em>. https:\/\/erc.europa.eu\/news-events\/news\/erc-grantee-peter-hegemann-shares-nobel-prize-medicine<\/li>\n\n<li>Fernholm, A. (2026). <em>The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine<\/em> [T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc]. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet. https:\/\/www.nobelprizemedicine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Nobel_Prize_ENG_pop.pdf<\/li>\n\n<li>Merelli, A. (2026, ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 10). 2026 Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded for brain research tool called optogenetics. <em>STAT<\/em>. https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2026\/10\/05\/nobel-prize-medicine-2026-winner-deisseroth-hegemann-nagel\/<\/li>\n\n<li>Nagel, G., Szellas, T., Huhn, W., Kateriya, S., Adeishvili, N., Berthold, P., Ollig, D., Hegemann, P., &amp; Bamberg, E. (2003). Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100<\/em>(24), 13940-13945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1936192100 (b\u1ea3n m\u1edf: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC283525\/)<\/li>\n\n<li>Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet. (2026, ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 10). <em>The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2026<\/em> [Press release]. https:\/\/www.nobelprizemedicine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Nobel_prize_ENG_PR.pdf<\/li>\n\n<li>Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet. (n.d.). <em>Awarding the Nobel prize<\/em>. Truy xu\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2026, t\u1eeb https:\/\/www.nobelprizemedicine.org\/selecting-laureates\/awarding-the-nobel-prize\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nobel Y sinh 2026 t\u00f4n vinh quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc: d\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eadt t\u1eaft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i t\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec3u n\u00e3o b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao ch\u01b0a n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,11],"tags":[868,865,866,867],"class_list":["post-6540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-cong-nghe-doi-song","category-suc-khoe","tag-khoa-hoc-doi-song","tag-nobel-2026","tag-quang-di-truyen-hoc","tag-than-kinh-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nobel Y sinh 2026: optogenetics l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00ec sao \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nobel Y sinh 2026 vinh danh optogenetics (quang di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc): b\u1eadt t\u1eaft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. 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