{"id":6189,"date":"2026-10-13T00:08:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T17:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nghien-cuu-y-hoc-tung-bo-quen-phu-nu\/"},"modified":"2026-10-13T00:39:28","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T17:39:28","slug":"vi-sao-nghien-cuu-y-hoc-tung-bo-quen-phu-nu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nghien-cuu-y-hoc-tung-bo-quen-phu-nu\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng &#8220;b\u1ecf qu\u00ean&#8221; ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng &#8220;b\u1ecf qu\u00ean&#8221; ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00ec trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tham gia c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 tham gia, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ri\u00eang theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu thu\u1ed1c hay bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra mu\u1ed9n. T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y (Mazure &amp; Jones, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8220;B\u1ecf qu\u00ean&#8221; ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef b\u1ecb g\u1ed9p chung, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1eadt gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Mazure v\u00e0 Jones (2015) d\u1eabn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2001 c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 (GAO): t\u00ednh chung, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 52% ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 22% trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1, l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec1u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan 150 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2007: ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trung b\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfm 56% ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh (Mazure &amp; Jones, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1eebng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i lo v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n cho thai nhi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c NIH (ORWH), n\u0103m 1977 FDA khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n (NIH ORWH, n.d.-a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u00edt tham gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i chung (Mazure &amp; Jones, 2015). Thay \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u0103m 1986, NIH ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (NIH ORWH, n.d.-a).<\/li>\n\n<li>N\u0103m 1990, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a GAO cho th\u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n (NIH ORWH, n.d.-a).<\/li>\n\n<li>Ng\u00e0y 10\/6\/1993, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac NIH (NIH Revitalization Act) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi do NIH t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef; chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (Mazure &amp; Jones, 2015).<\/li>\n\n<li>C\u0169ng n\u0103m 1993, FDA thay h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u0103m 1977 b\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u01b0a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1, 2 v\u00e0 3 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (Mazure &amp; Jones, 2015).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o GAO n\u0103m 2001, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Mazure v\u00e0 Jones (2015) d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i, ghi nh\u1eadn trong 10 thu\u1ed1c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ecb r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997, c\u00f3 8 thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed1c ng\u1ee7 zolpidem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y 10\/1\/2013, FDA y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m li\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a zolpidem, m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef: d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch nhanh t\u1eeb 10 mg xu\u1ed1ng 5 mg, d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 12,5 mg xu\u1ed1ng 6,25 mg. FDA gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed1c trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 l\u00e1i xe, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i zolpidem ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nam gi\u1edbi (FDA, 2013). \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu\u1ed1c ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Mazure &amp; Jones, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc (pharmacokinetics) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i thu\u1ed1c. Zucker v\u00e0 Prendergast (2020) t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 86 thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa hai gi\u1edbi. Trong \u0111\u00f3, 76 thu\u1ed1c (88%) c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cao h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. V\u1edbi 59 thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c (adverse drug reaction, ADR), kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ADR trong 88% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 96% thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n \u1edf n\u1eef \u0111i k\u00e8m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ADR cao h\u01a1n \u1edf n\u1eef. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef g\u1eb7p ADR v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i nam gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1ea3m li\u1ec1u cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111o d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ADR tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3; nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf (Zucker &amp; Prendergast, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi nh\u1ed3i m\u00e1u c\u01a1 tim, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Tim m\u1ea1ch Hoa K\u1ef3 (AHA) cho bi\u1ebft \u0111au ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1edf ng\u1ef1c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u1ea3 nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef. Tuy v\u1eady, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p th\u00eam nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u01a1n \u0111au tim, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1edf d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, \u0111au vai, l\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1nh tay, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (American Heart Association, n.d.). Mazure v\u00e0 Jones (2015) c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111ang s\u1eeda kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i chung l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e2u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. NIH y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 sinh h\u1ecdc (sex as a biological variable, SABV) trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1\/2016 (NIH ORWH, n.d.-b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede ph\u00eda t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean Khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EASE) x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn SAGER (Sex and Gender Equity in Research). SAGER ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t &#8220;gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc&#8221; (sex), l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3, hormone, gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, v\u1edbi &#8220;gi\u1edbi&#8221; (gender), l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ea1ng do x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00eau r\u00f5 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch theo gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t (Heidari v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tin y h\u1ecdc n\u00ean h\u1ecfi g\u00ec khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: &#8220;Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m tr\u00ean ai?&#8221; M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00fang y h\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/kiem-tra-nghien-cuu-chia-se-tren-mang\/\">ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hay tr\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hay t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n\n<li>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef tham gia l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? C\u00f3 nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ri\u00eang cho nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng, hay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 g\u1ed9p chung?<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb hay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn? B\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/\">m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/hai-nghien-cuu-cho-ket-qua-trai-nguoc\/\">hai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ban-linh-diu-dang\/\">chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n l\u0129nh d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng<\/a>, nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/tien-man-kinh-man-kinh-khi-nao-can-di-kham\/\">ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3n kinh v\u00e0 m\u00e3n kinh<\/a> hay <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/tram-cam-sau-sinh-khac-baby-blues-the-nao\/\">tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m sau sinh<\/a>, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/phu-nu-trong-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-duong-ong-ro-ri\/\">ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tham gia th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro cho thai nhi. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u0103m 1977 c\u1ee7a FDA khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb kh\u1ecfi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng (NIH ORWH, n.d.-a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u01b0a?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 xong. Vi\u1ec7c tham gia \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng, song ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (Mazure &amp; Jones, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng. Li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan th\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng k\u00e8m. H\u00e3y trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 li\u1ec1u n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean nh\u1edb?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1eebng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m m\u01b0u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a m\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc tin y h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi &#8220;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m tr\u00ean ai?&#8221;, \u01b0u ti\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf khi b\u0103n kho\u0103n v\u1ec1 li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c hay tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n y khoa cho t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (<a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dy-khoa-la-ai\/\">Dy Khoa<\/a>), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details dk-refs is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (7 ngu\u1ed3n)<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>American Heart Association. (n.d.). <em>Heart attack symptoms in women<\/em>. https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/heart-attack\/warning-signs-of-a-heart-attack\/heart-attack-symptoms-in-women<\/li>\n\n<li>Heidari, S., Babor, T. F., De Castro, P., Tort, S., &amp; Curno, M. (2016). Sex and gender equity in research: Rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use. <em>Research Integrity and Peer Review, 1<\/em>, 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41073-016-0007-6<\/li>\n\n<li>Mazure, C. M., &amp; Jones, D. P. (2015). Twenty years and still counting: Including women as participants and studying sex and gender in biomedical research. <em>BMC Women&#8217;s Health, 15<\/em>, 94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-015-0251-9<\/li>\n\n<li>NIH Office of Research on Women&#8217;s Health. (n.d.-a). <em>History of women&#8217;s participation in clinical research<\/em>. https:\/\/orwh.od.nih.gov\/toolkit\/recruitment\/history<\/li>\n\n<li>NIH Office of Research on Women&#8217;s Health. (n.d.-b). <em>Sex as a biological variable<\/em>. https:\/\/orwh.od.nih.gov\/sex-gender\/nih-policy-sex-biological-variable<\/li>\n\n<li>U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2013, January 10). <em>FDA Drug Safety Communication: Risk of next-morning impairment after use of insomnia drugs; FDA requires lower recommended doses for certain drugs containing zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, and Zolpimist)<\/em>. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/84992\/download<\/li>\n\n<li>Zucker, I., &amp; Prendergast, B. J. (2020). Sex differences in pharmacokinetics predict adverse drug reactions in women. <em>Biology of Sex Differences, 11<\/em>, 32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13293-020-00308-5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1eebng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi t\u00e1ch theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tin y h\u1ecdc n\u00ean h\u1ecfi g\u00ec?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[695,457,734,739,742,23],"class_list":["post-6189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-ban-linh-diu-dang","tag-doc-hieu-nghien-cuu","tag-phu-nu-trong-nghien-cuu","tag-suc-khoe-phu-nu","tag-thu-nghiem-lam-sang","tag-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>V\u00ec sao nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng &quot;b\u1ecf qu\u00ean&quot; ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u00ec sao nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng b\u1ecf qu\u00ean ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef? T\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn FDA 1977, lu\u1eadt NIH 1993 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n li\u1ec1u zolpidem v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi &quot;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m tr\u00ean ai?&quot;.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-nghien-cuu-y-hoc-tung-bo-quen-phu-nu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V\u00ec sao nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng &quot;b\u1ecf qu\u00ean&quot; ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u00ec sao nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng b\u1ecf qu\u00ean ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef? 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