{"id":6188,"date":"2026-10-13T00:07:08","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T17:07:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/phu-nu-trong-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-duong-ong-ro-ri\/"},"modified":"2026-10-13T00:38:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T17:38:34","slug":"phu-nu-trong-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-duong-ong-ro-ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/phu-nu-trong-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-duong-ong-ro-ri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm bao nhi\u00eau trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8220;\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9&#8221;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo UNESCO, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 31,7% s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, t\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba (UNESCO, 2024). Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao: t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 48% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef 30% v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t (European Commission, 2024). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh &#8220;\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9&#8221; (leaky pipeline) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1eef hao h\u1ee5t d\u1ea7n qua t\u1eebng ch\u1eb7ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1eef nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 31,7% (2021, 147 qu\u1ed1c gia), v\u1edbi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c (UNESCO, 2024).<\/li>\n\n<li>Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng &#8220;k\u00e9m&#8221; v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m; kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf cao h\u01a1n (Huang v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020).<\/li>\n\n<li>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111an xen: g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c; kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm bao nhi\u00eau trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. B\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u0103m 2024 c\u1ee7a UNESCO cho bi\u1ebft t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1eef nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 31,7% n\u0103m 2021, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a 147 qu\u1ed1c gia. Con s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng: 49,6% \u1edf Trung \u00c1, nh\u01b0ng 26,8% \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 25,9% \u1edf Nam v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c1 (UNESCO, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1o c\u00e1o Khoa h\u1ecdc UNESCO 2021 cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 44% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u0103m 2018, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 28% ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, 22% ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p (UNESCO, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Elsevier cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 41% nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 2022, t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 28% n\u0103m 2001 (Elsevier, 2024). Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u UNESCO v\u00ec hai ngu\u1ed3n \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t b\u00ean t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, c\u1ea7n xem ngu\u1ed3n \u0111o c\u00e1i g\u00ec, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/kiem-tra-nghien-cuu-chia-se-tren-mang\/\">ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8220;\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc cao h\u01a1n nam gi\u1edbi \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p (Miller &#038; Wai, 2015). H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u00e1o s\u01b0: n\u1ebfu \u1ed1ng &#8220;r\u00f2&#8221; nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed7i ch\u1eb7ng, c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1eef c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u She Figures 2024 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban ch\u00e2u \u00c2u minh h\u1ecda \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 48% ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, 30% v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t (Grade A) v\u00e0 26% ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 57% nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a EU, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 22% (European Commission, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn: ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau b\u1eadc ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau theo ng\u00e0nh, theo n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 30 n\u0103m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, n\u1eef c\u1eed nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh STEM (khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, to\u00e1n) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc l\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 ngang nam gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang ch\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb c\u1eed nh\u00e2n l\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, d\u00f9 sau ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u1eabn &#8220;r\u00f2&#8221; nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eef h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (Miller &#038; Wai, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean h\u01a1n 1,5 tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i 83 qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1955-2010, cho th\u1ea5y nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng 10,8% nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef ng\u1eebng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, so v\u1edbi 9,0% \u1edf nam, t\u1ee9c nguy c\u01a1 r\u1eddi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 19,5%. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (Huang v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ai \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai l\u00e0m gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i r\u00f2 r\u1ec9?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111an xen, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m STEM to\u00e0n th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 43% ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 23% ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c STEM to\u00e0n th\u1eddi gian trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y n\u0103m sau khi c\u00f3 con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng (Cech &#038; Blair-Loy, 2019). Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n trong b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ganh-nang-tinh-than-mental-load-la-gi\/\">g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n (mental load)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. N\u0103m 1993, s\u1eed gia khoa h\u1ecdc Margaret Rossiter \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean &#8220;hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Matilda&#8221; cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb ghi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, theo t\u00ean nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Matilda Joslyn Gage, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 (Romeo, 2021). M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Lise Meitner: b\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u0103m 1939, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u0103m 1944 ch\u1ec9 trao cho \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p nam (Romeo, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi 243 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n khi g\u1eafn t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 &#8220;c\u1ee7a nam&#8221; (Knobloch-Westerwick v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2013, d\u1eabn theo Gender Action Portal, n.d.). M\u1ee9c ch\u00eanh kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 len v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 kh\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UNESCO l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nam n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n; \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh h\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (UNESCO, 2024). T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1eef th\u1ea5p \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p (UNESCO, 2021; European Commission, 2024) cho th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: nh\u01b0 Miller v\u00e0 Wai (2015) ch\u1ec9 ra, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ecdi ch\u1eb7ng, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u1eebng ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vi\u1ec7t Nam ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef ra sao?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef. Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Kovalevskaia g\u1eafn v\u1edbi Qu\u1ef9 do GS.TS Ann Koblitz v\u00e0 GS.TS Neal Koblitz kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng (Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n.d.). Qua 41 n\u0103m (1985-2026), gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho 23 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 58 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef; gi\u1ea3i n\u0103m 2025 trao cho GS.TS Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nga v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef Khoa C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch khoa H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (VnEconomy, 2026). Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng L&#8217;Or\u00e9al-UNESCO &#8220;V\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong Khoa h\u1ecdc&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n vinh 38 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef tr\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2009 (H\u00e0 Linh, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1eef nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-khoa-hoc-la-gi\/\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a> g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. Trong tin v\u1ec1 Covid-19 n\u0103m 2020, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 27% s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean (Macharia, 2021). Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Anh c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong khoa h\u1ecdc (Kitzinger v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2008). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u00ec sao <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/vi-sao-phu-nu-it-xuat-hien-lam-chuyen-gia-tren-bao-chi\/\">ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u00edt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 chuy\u00ean gia tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed<\/a>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/hieu-ung-carl-sagan-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc\/\">c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/a>. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ban-linh-diu-dang\/\">chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n l\u0129nh d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng<\/a> c\u1ee7a Dy Khoa Blog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u00edt ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 44% ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2018 (UNESCO, 2021) v\u00e0 48% \u1edf EU (European Commission, 2024). Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u00edt h\u01a1n nam kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00ednh theo n\u0103m th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf cao h\u01a1n (Huang v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Matilda l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 t\u00ean Margaret Rossiter \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103m 1993 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb ghi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (Romeo, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean nh\u1edb?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u1edf b\u1eadc ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1eabn gi\u1ea3m \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ea5c cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc (chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (<a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dy-khoa-la-ai\/\">Dy Khoa<\/a>), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details dk-refs is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (15 ngu\u1ed3n)<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cech, E. A., &#038; Blair-Loy, M. (2019). The changing career trajectories of new parents in STEM. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116<\/em>(10), 4182-4187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1810862116<\/li>\n\n<li>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. (n.d.). <em>Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Kovalevskaia<\/em>. C\u1ed5ng Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. https:\/\/chinhphu.vn\/ket-qua-hoat-dong-khoa-hoc-cong-nghe\/giai-thuong-kovalevskaia-10001118<\/li>\n\n<li>Elsevier. (2024, ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 6). <em>Latest Elsevier gender equality study reveals 20 years of progress but challenges remain for women in research and innovation<\/em>. https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/about\/press-releases\/latest-elsevier-gender-equality-study-reveals-20-years-of-progress-but-challenges-remain-for-women-in-research-and-innovation<\/li>\n\n<li>European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. (2024). <em>She Figures 2024<\/em>. https:\/\/projects.research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu\/en\/knowledge-publications-tools-and-data\/interactive-reports\/she-figures-2024<\/li>\n\n<li>Gender Action Portal. (n.d.). <em>The Matilda effect in science communication: An experiment on gender bias in publication quality perceptions and collaboration interest<\/em>. Harvard Kennedy School. https:\/\/gap.hks.harvard.edu\/matilda-effect-science-communication-experiment-gender-bias-publication-quality-perceptions-and<\/li>\n\n<li>H\u00e0 Linh. (2024, ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 9). T\u00f4n vinh 38 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <em>B\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/em>. https:\/\/nhandan.vn\/ton-vinh-38-nha-khoa-hoc-nu-tai-nang-cua-viet-nam-post830697.html<\/li>\n\n<li>Huang, J., Gates, A. J., Sinatra, R., &#038; Barab\u00e1si, A.-L. (2020). Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117<\/em>(9), 4609-4616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1914221117<\/li>\n\n<li>Kitzinger, J., Chimba, M. D., Williams, A., Haran, J., &#038; Boyce, T. (2008). <em>Gender, stereotypes and expertise in the press: How newspapers represent female and male scientists<\/em>. UK Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology &#038; Cardiff University. https:\/\/orca.cardiff.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/28633\/<\/li>\n\n<li>Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Glynn, C. J., &#038; Huge, M. (2013). The Matilda effect in science communication: An experiment on gender bias in publication quality perceptions and collaboration interest. <em>Science Communication, 35<\/em>(5), 603-625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1075547012472684 (d\u1eabn theo Gender Action Portal, n.d.)<\/li>\n\n<li>Macharia, S. (Ed.). (2021). <em>Who makes the news? 6th Global Media Monitoring Project<\/em>. World Association for Christian Communication. https:\/\/whomakesthenews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GMMP2020.ENG_.FINAL_.pdf<\/li>\n\n<li>Miller, D. I., &#038; Wai, J. (2015). The bachelor&#8217;s to Ph.D. STEM pipeline no longer leaks more women than men: A 30-year analysis. <em>Frontiers in Psychology, 6<\/em>, 37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00037<\/li>\n\n<li>Romeo, J. (2021, ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 3). Erasing women from science? There&#8217;s a name for that. <em>JSTOR Daily<\/em>. https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/erasing-women-from-science-theres-a-name-for\/<\/li>\n\n<li>UNESCO. (2021). To be smart, the digital revolution will need to be inclusive. Trong <em>UNESCO Science Report: The race against time for smarter development<\/em>. https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/reports\/science\/2021\/en\/women-digital-revolution<\/li>\n\n<li>UNESCO. (2024). <em>Status and trends: The gender gap in science<\/em> (SC-PBS-STIP\/2024\/FWIS\/2). https:\/\/unesco.org.uk\/site\/assets\/files\/15432\/388805eng.pdf<\/li>\n\n<li>VnEconomy. (2026, ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 3). Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m Minh Ch\u00ednh trao Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Kovalevskaia t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef. <em>VnEconomy<\/em>. https:\/\/vneconomy.vn\/thu-tuong-pham-minh-chinh-trao-giai-thuong-kovalevskaia-ton-vinh-cac-nha-khoa-hoc-nu.htm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao. &#8220;\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9&#8221; l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao x\u1ea3y ra?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6177,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[695,488,753,723,733],"class_list":["post-6188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-ban-linh-diu-dang","tag-binh-dang-gioi","tag-duong-ong-ro-ri","tag-hieu-ung-matilda","tag-phu-nu-trong-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 &quot;\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9&quot;<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 31,7% nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (UNESCO, 2024). 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