{"id":6186,"date":"2026-10-13T00:05:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T17:05:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ganh-nang-tinh-than-mental-load-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2026-10-13T00:38:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T17:38:34","slug":"ganh-nang-tinh-than-mental-load-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ganh-nang-tinh-than-mental-load-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n (mental load) l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n (mental load) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c &#8220;kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh: ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i xem m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 xong ch\u01b0a, k\u00e8m theo n\u1ed7i lo \u0111i c\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i (Daminger, 2019; Reich-Stiebert v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2023). N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean kh\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang l\u00e0m 76,2% (ILO, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mental load g\u1ed3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ghi nh\u1edb, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp) v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (lo l\u1eafng, b\u1eadn t\u00e2m).<\/li>\n\n<li>N\u00f3 kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y v\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra trong \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n\n<li>Trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00e0nh 265 ph\u00fat cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, nam gi\u1edbi 83 ph\u00fat (ILO, 2018).<\/li>\n\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i chia l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 chu tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n (mental load) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. Nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc Allison Daminger (2019) g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (cognitive labor) v\u00e0 chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc: d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u nhu c\u1ea7u, t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 70 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n s\u00e2u v\u1edbi 35 c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec7n s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a con. Ai \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ed9p s\u1eefa s\u1eafp h\u1ebft (d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u), xem n\u00ean mua lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u (t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n), ch\u1ed1t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh), r\u1ed3i ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u01b0a v\u00e0 con u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng (theo d\u00f5i). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i mua ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n &#8220;ngh\u0129&#8221; tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Melbourne b\u1ed5 sung chi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac: lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh &#8220;g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng&#8221; khi n\u00f3 \u0111i k\u00e8m lo \u00e2u, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng (Ruppanner &amp; Churchill, 2022). Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mental load theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m Dean v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2022) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt (d\u1eabn theo Reich-Stiebert v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng &#8220;v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh&#8221;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng. Daminger (2019) nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i. Ruppanner v\u00e0 Churchill (2022) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong, sau gi\u1edd l\u00e0m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u00fac ng\u1ee7) v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t. Theo h\u1ecd, mental load &#8220;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 \u0111o. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay ch\u00e2n, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 2023 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh thang \u0111o \u0111a chi\u1ec1u cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n (Reich-Stiebert v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef g\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3, c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c tay ch\u00e2n l\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c tinh th\u1ea7n, d\u00f9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Reich-Stiebert v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2023) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 31 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o; trong 20 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 m\u1eabu nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef ho\u1eb7c c\u1eb7p d\u1ecb t\u00ednh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, s\u1eafp l\u1ecbch, nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i. Daminger (2019) ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf kh\u00e2u d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i, c\u00f2n kh\u00e2u ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00e2u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, th\u00ec hai gi\u1edbi tham gia g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngang nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian \u1edf 64 qu\u1ed1c gia cho th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m 76,2% t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n\n<li>Trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00e0nh 4 gi\u1edd 25 ph\u00fat (265 ph\u00fat) cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nam gi\u1edbi 1 gi\u1edd 23 ph\u00fat (83 ph\u00fat), t\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea5p 3,2 l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n\n<li>M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh 16,4 t\u1ef7 gi\u1edd cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng; n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u theo gi\u1edd, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 9% GDP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (ILO, 2018).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u tra qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian n\u0103m 2022 do Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y n\u1eef gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh 3 gi\u1edd cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0, so v\u1edbi 1 gi\u1edd 42 ph\u00fat \u1edf nam gi\u1edbi; 45% n\u1eef gi\u1edbi tham gia ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, so v\u1edbi 24% nam gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 1\/3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed trong ng\u00e0y (d\u1eabn theo Minh Huy\u1ec1n, 2023). Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111o ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c tay ch\u00e2n, ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n &#8220;ngh\u0129&#8221; ph\u00eda sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Daminger l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia nh\u1ecf, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng quan l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. B\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mot-nghien-cuu-moi-co-du-de-ket-luan\/\">m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang?<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ra sao?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng quan, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 &#8220;m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c to\u00e0n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ee9 hai&#8221; g\u00e2y ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c; s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (Reich-Stiebert v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2023). M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng quan n\u00e0y d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u1edf nh\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd cao h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ruppanner v\u00e0 Churchill (2022) cho bi\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u00e3n c\u00e1ch v\u00ec COVID-19, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ch\u0103m con, k\u00e9o theo lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7. Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ngu-bu-cuoi-tuan-co-hieu-qua-khong\/\">ng\u1ee7 b\u00f9 cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n<\/a>. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau sinh l\u00e0 l\u00fac g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t; b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/tram-cam-sau-sinh-khac-baby-blues-the-nao\/\">tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m sau sinh kh\u00e1c &#8220;baby blues&#8221; th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/a> cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n &#8220;\u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi th\u00f3i quen, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 do thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Reich-Stiebert v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2023) ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 nam n\u1eef \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai l\u00e0m bao nhi\u00eau, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y. Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nam gi\u1edbi tham gia nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. Ruppanner v\u00e0 Churchill (2022) c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u1ea1i g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ra v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00eau tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea vi\u1ec7c theo b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Daminger.<\/strong> V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c (s\u1eefa, ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng, h\u1ecdc th\u00eam, qu\u00e0 bi\u1ebfu, h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n), ghi r\u00f5 ai \u0111ang d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u, ai t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, ai quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ai theo d\u00f5i. L\u00e0m cho kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ruppanner v\u00e0 Churchill (2022) khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Giao tr\u1ecdn chu tr\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 &#8220;ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t tay&#8221;.<\/strong> V\u00ec ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef kh\u00e2u d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i (Daminger, 2019), m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n &#8220;ngh\u0129&#8221; cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd suy ra t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/strong> V\u00ec hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau (Reich-Stiebert v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2023), h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi nhau &#8220;ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t?&#8221; thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/strong> \u00d4ng b\u00e0, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u1eef tr\u1ebb hay ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 san s\u1ebb b\u1edbt (Ruppanner &amp; Churchill, 2022).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean &#8220;t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c&#8221; ki\u1ec3u <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/hoi-chung-wellness-bay-chua-lanh-thuong-mai-hoa\/\">tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u wellness<\/a> kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c chia l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mental load c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay ch\u00e2n; mental load l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u, l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng \u0111i k\u00e8m (Daminger, 2019; Ruppanner &amp; Churchill, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nam gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 g\u00e1nh mental load kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3. Nam gi\u1edbi tham gia, v\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u00e2u ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec g\u1ea7n ngang ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (Daminger, 2019). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u (Reich-Stiebert v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thu\u00ea gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1ebft mental load kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c tay ch\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i, n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3 thang \u0111o n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u1ecdi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thang \u0111o \u0111a chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady (Reich-Stiebert v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2023). B\u1ea3ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean nh\u1edb?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, d\u00f9 kh\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e1nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngay l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i chia l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 chu tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn theo d\u00f5i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ban-linh-diu-dang\/\">chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n l\u0129nh d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng<\/a>; b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/phu-nu-trong-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-duong-ong-ro-ri\/\">ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm bao nhi\u00eau trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (<a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dy-khoa-la-ai\/\">Dy Khoa<\/a>), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details dk-refs is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (5 ngu\u1ed3n)<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Daminger, A. (2019). The cognitive dimension of household labor. <em>American Sociological Review, 84<\/em>(4), 609-633. https:\/\/inequality.hks.harvard.edu\/publications\/cognitive-dimension-household-labor<\/li>\n\n<li>International Labour Organization. (2018). <em>Care work and care jobs for the future of decent work<\/em>. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/publications\/major-publications\/care-work-and-care-jobs-future-decent-work<\/li>\n\n<li>Minh Huy\u1ec1n. (2023, 20 th\u00e1ng 5). 1\/3 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed trong ng\u00e0y. <em>Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb<\/em>. https:\/\/tuoitre.vn\/1-3-nu-gioi-o-viet-nam-khong-co-thoi-gian-giai-tri-trong-ngay-20230520101446874.htm<\/li>\n\n<li>Reich-Stiebert, N., Froehlich, L., &amp; Voltmer, J.-B. (2023). Gendered mental labor: A systematic literature review on the cognitive dimension of unpaid work within the household and childcare. <em>Sex Roles, 88<\/em>(11-12), 475-494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-023-01362-0<\/li>\n\n<li>Ruppanner, L., &amp; Churchill, B. (2022, 10 th\u00e1ng 1). <em>How can we reduce the &#8220;mental load&#8221; placed on mothers by the pandemic?<\/em> World Economic Forum (\u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb The Conversation). https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2022\/01\/how-reduce-mental-load-pandemic-covid-19\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mental load l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c &#8220;kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00ec sao ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,13],"tags":[695,488,722,728,749],"class_list":["post-6186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-cong-nghe-doi-song","category-tam-ly-doi-song-so","tag-ban-linh-diu-dang","tag-binh-dang-gioi","tag-ganh-nang-tinh-than","tag-mental-load","tag-viec-cham-soc-khong-luong"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n (mental load) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n (mental load) l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00ec sao ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef g\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch chia l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ganh-nang-tinh-than-mental-load-la-gi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n (mental load) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tinh th\u1ea7n (mental load) l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh. 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