{"id":5061,"date":"2026-10-12T17:40:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T10:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=5061"},"modified":"2026-10-13T00:45:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T17:45:43","slug":"niem-tin-the-che-epistemic-trust-khoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/niem-tin-the-che-epistemic-trust-khoa-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i Ni\u1ec1m tin Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf (Epistemic Trust): Minh b\u1ea1ch s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 uy t\u00edn khoa h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n: x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trao cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u01b0\u1edbc sang k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng y t\u1ebf &#8211; sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng uy t\u00edn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb rung chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Khi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o y t\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1edfi <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/khung-hoang-tai-lap-khoa-hoc-replication-crisis\/\">cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp<\/a>, ni\u1ec1m tin x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i <strong>ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/strong> (Epistemic Trust) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng?<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> <strong>Ni\u1ec1m tin Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf (Epistemic Trust)<\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c, khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng do c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t (Competence), \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 li\u00eam ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (Integrity) v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Benevolence).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean &#8216;S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady&#8217; theo tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Onora O&#8217;Neill<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Onora O&#8217;Neill trong b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh danh gi\u00e1 Reith Lectures \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng: ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 &#8220;\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi&#8221; hay &#8220;mua chu\u1ed9c&#8221; ni\u1ec1m tin; m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh <strong>t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady (trustworthiness)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Friederike Hendriks v\u00e0 Rainer Bromme (2015) \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Muenster g\u1ed3m 3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n (Expertise \/ Competence):<\/strong> M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 am hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 Li\u00eam ch\u00ednh (Integrity):<\/strong> S\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 m\u1edd \u00e1m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch, c\u00f4ng khai minh b\u1ea1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn sai s\u00f3t khi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Benevolence):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y danh ti\u1ebfng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh: C\u00f4ng khai ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 uy t\u00edn<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0: <em>&#8220;N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn 100%, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd hoang mang v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin&#8221;<\/em>. Ch\u00ednh n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tin, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1eadm t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mo-hinh-tham-hut-den-tham-gia-cong-chung-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc\/\">m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Anne Marthe van der Bles t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng R\u1ee7i ro Winton (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge) c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean <em>Royal Society Open Science<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>PNAS<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng: <strong>Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng khai minh b\u1ea1ch s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u (d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady, sai s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5) h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong>. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c che gi\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n uy t\u00edn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2>Ma tr\u1eadn so s\u00e1nh: Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n vs. Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Minh b\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu hai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n Th\u00e1p ng\u00e0 (Authoritarian)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Minh b\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady (Trustworthy)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">Gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn kho\u1ea3ng sai s\u1ed1; tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">C\u00f4ng khai r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3; n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 minh b\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n kinh ph\u00ed v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Khi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">T\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5p li\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a tin sai.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u00ec sao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">Xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">Coi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: <strong>Khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u0129nh c\u1eedu b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda sai (self-correcting process) nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eebng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng. Khi vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi th\u00e1p ng\u00e0, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd do c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o?<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn minh b\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed b\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t uy t\u00edn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o (nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 hay nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch) th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00ean n\u00f3i g\u00ec khi hai nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau?<\/strong><br \/>\nH\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu, ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Meta-analysis) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (Dy Khoa), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n<details class=\"dk-refs\">\n<summary>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o (5 ngu\u1ed3n)<\/summary>\n<ul>\n<li>Bromme, R., &amp; Goldman, S. R. (2014). The public\u2019s bounded understanding of science. Educational Psychologist, 49(2), 59\u201369.<\/li>\n<li>Hendriks, F., Kienhues, D., &amp; Bromme, R. (2015). Measuring laypeople\u2019s trust in experts in a digital age: The Muenster Epistemic Trustworthiness Inventory (METI). PLOS ONE, 10(10), e0139308.<\/li>\n<li>O\u2019Neill, O. (2002). A Question of Trust (The BBC Reith Lectures 2002). Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n<li>van der Bles, A. M., van der Linden, S., Freeman, A. L., Mitchell, J., Galvao, A. B., Spiegelhalter, D. J., &amp; Bland, J. M. (2019). Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science. Royal Society Open Science, 6(5), 181870.<\/li>\n<li>van der Bles, A. M., van der Linden, S., Freeman, A. L., &amp; Spiegelhalter, D. J. (2020). The effects of communicating uncertainty on public trust in facts and numbers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 117(14), 7672\u20137683.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean b\u00e3o h\u00f2a th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi gia t\u0103ng, khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh &#8216;s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady&#8217; c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m minh b\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[469,592,594,593,591],"class_list":["post-5061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-bat-dinh-khoa-hoc","tag-epistemic-trust","tag-khoa-hoc-va-xa-hoi","tag-liem-chinh-khoa-hoc","tag-niem-tin-the-che"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf khoa h\u1ecdc: C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 uy 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