{"id":5058,"date":"2026-10-12T17:33:48","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T10:33:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=5058"},"modified":"2026-10-12T17:33:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T10:33:51","slug":"tiem-phong-tam-ly-psychological-inoculation-tin-gia-khoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/tiem-phong-tam-ly-psychological-inoculation-tin-gia-khoa-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd (Psychological Inoculation): Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ng tin gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y khoa h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m m\u01b0u khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng: tin gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, lan truy\u1ec1n ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u00e2y hoang mang d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia m\u1edbi v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh (debunking). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh sau khi th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf c\u1edd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: <strong>ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/strong> (Psychological Inoculation) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Prebunking).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd (Psychological Inoculation \/ Inoculation Theory)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thuy\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng &#8211; t\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u1eafc-xin y h\u1ecdc: b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin thao t\u00fang suy y\u1ebfu \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng &#8220;kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n: T\u1eeb William McGuire \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Cambridge<\/h2>\n<p>Thuy\u1ebft ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i William McGuire kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh nh\u1eb1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. McGuire nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng manh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 khi b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Sander van der Linden v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u0169 kh\u00ed s\u1eafc b\u00e9n nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tin gi\u1ea3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, vaccine v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn (nh\u01b0 <em>Bad News<\/em> hay <em>Go Viral!<\/em>) cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i nh\u1eadp vai v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n tin gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tay tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u00f3c tr\u1ea7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>Hai th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u &#8220;V\u1eafc-xin T\u00e2m l\u00fd&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p>Theo khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a McGuire v\u00e0 van der Linden, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda (Forewarning of Threat):<\/strong> B\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafp c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thao t\u00fang ho\u1eb7c l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt tinh vi. C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u00e0y k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n suy y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Pre-emptive Refutation \/ Micro-dose):<\/strong> Cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n thu nh\u1ecf, suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1ee5y khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf logic sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u0169 kh\u00ed l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ma tr\u1eadn so s\u00e1nh: \u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh B\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng (Debunking) vs. Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Prebunking)<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n so s\u00e1nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">\u0110\u00ednh ch\u00ednh B\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng (Debunking)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng T\u00e2m l\u00fd (Prebunking \/ Inoculation)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m can thi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">H\u1eadu ki\u1ec3m: Can thi\u1ec7p sau khi tin gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">Ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m: Can thi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00f3a b\u1ecf k\u00fd \u1ee9c sai; d\u1ec5 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dong-luc-suy-luan-co-dinh-kien-motivated-reasoning\/\">\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/a>.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">H\u1eb9p: Th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tin gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">R\u1ed9ng: T\u1ea1o kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n (Technique-based).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng duy tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">Ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n; k\u00fd \u1ee9c sai l\u1ec7ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (CIE).<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng theo k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (Technique-based Inoculation): V\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111a n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung (Content-based) sang ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00fang (Technique-based). Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y theo \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tin \u0111\u1ed3n v\u00f4 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i vaccine hay t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n 5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1ee5y khoa h\u1ecdc kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 FLICC):<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o (Fake Experts):<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb uy t\u00edn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n logic (Logical Fallacies):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o ra song \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi (Impossible Expectations):<\/strong> \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n 100% tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdt (Cherry Picking):<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m m\u01b0u (Conspiracy Theories):<\/strong> Quy ch\u1ee5p m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u1ea7m thao t\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u1eaby n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u0103ng ra, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi m\u01b0u toan thao t\u00fang d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ban-sac-van-hoa-dong-thuan-khoa-hoc-phan-cuc\/\">ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u?<\/strong><br \/>\nC\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1ng tin gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh trong 1-2 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u suy gi\u1ea3m sau kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 th\u00e1ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eafc-xin y t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ti\u00eam m\u0169i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i (booster shots), truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n tin gi\u1ea3 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br \/>\nR\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i nh\u1eadp vai ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tin gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) v\u00e0 UNESCO khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (Dy Khoa), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Compton, J., Jackson, B., &amp; Dimmock, J. A. (2016). Persuading others to avoid persuasion: Inoculation theory and resistant health attitudes. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 122.<\/li>\n<li>Lewandowsky, S., &amp; van der Linden, S. (2021). Countering misinformation and fake news through inoculation and prebunking. European Review of Social Psychology, 32(2), 348\u2013384.<\/li>\n<li>McGuire, W. J. (1964). Inducing resistance to persuasion: Some contemporary approaches. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 191\u2013229.<\/li>\n<li>Roozenbeek, J., &amp; van der Linden, S. (2019). Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation. Palgrave Communications, 5(1), 65.<\/li>\n<li>van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., Rosenthal, S., &amp; Maibach, E. (2017). Inoculating the public against misinformation about climate change. Global Challenges, 1(2), 1600008.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eafc-xin sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc virus, Thuy\u1ebft ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd (Psychological Inoculation) gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a tin gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc ngay t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 k\u1ecbp l\u00e2y lan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[316,585,320,584,452],"class_list":["post-5058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-prebunking","tag-psychological-inoculation","tag-tam-ly-hoc-truyen-thong","tag-tiem-phong-tam-ly","tag-tin-gia-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd: L\u00e1 ch\u1eafn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng tin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Thuy\u1ebft ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd (Inoculation Theory) v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Prebunking: C\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch 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