{"id":5057,"date":"2026-10-12T17:32:47","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T10:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=5057"},"modified":"2026-10-12T17:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T10:32:50","slug":"dong-luc-suy-luan-co-dinh-kien-motivated-reasoning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dong-luc-suy-luan-co-dinh-kien-motivated-reasoning\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn (Motivated Reasoning): V\u00ec sao s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd cay \u0111\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi l\u00fd l\u1ebd ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ef1c \u0111oan h\u00f3a th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh danh c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 <strong>\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/strong> (Motivated Reasoning).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> <strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn (Motivated Reasoning)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n (nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m), thay v\u00ec xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: Hai \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Ziva Kunda (1990) trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n <em>&#8220;The Case for Motivated Reasoning&#8221;<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb gi\u1eb1ng x\u00e9 gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (Accuracy Goals):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ta kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu hay kh\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n (Directional Goals):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin \u01b0a th\u00edch. Khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 &#8220;lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9&#8221; (lawyer mode): l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi k\u1ebd h\u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u00f3, trong khi d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ng\u1ee5y khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng B\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn (Disconfirmation Bias) v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng (Backfire Effect)<\/h2>\n<p>Hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Charles Taber v\u00e0 Milton Lodge (2006) \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y qua hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <strong>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng B\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn (Disconfirmation Bias)<\/strong>: C\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. H\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u1eaft khe b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 <strong>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng (Backfire Effect)<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ghi nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f3 trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u2014 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dinh-chinh-tin-sai-khong-hieu-qua\/\">v\u00ec sao \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tin sai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/mo-hinh-tham-hut-den-tham-gia-cong-chung-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc\/\">m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i<\/a> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2>Ma tr\u1eadn so s\u00e1nh: X\u1eed l\u00fd Th\u00f4ng tin Kh\u00e1ch quan vs. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c Suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy gi\u1eefa hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">T\u01b0 duy Khoa h\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1ch quan (Accuracy-Driven)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn (Motivated Reasoning)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e2m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn, c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">T\u00ecm m\u1ecdi l\u00fd do nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i sai s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c hay ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\"><strong>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">T\u00f2 m\u00f2 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, c\u1edfi m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px;\">Ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i: T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i b\u1eaby &#8220;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u&#8221;. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn s\u00e2u r\u1ec5 b\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb hai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc. Thay v\u00ec t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e3y g\u1eafn th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00f3ng khung th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia thay v\u00ec ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u qua <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/ly-thuyet-khung-hoa-framing-theory-bien-doi-khi-hau\/\">l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft khung h\u00f3a (Framing Theory)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 hai, trang b\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt b\u00f3p m\u00e9o th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tin gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/tiem-phong-tam-ly-psychological-inoculation-tin-gia-khoa-hoc\/\">ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd (Psychological Inoculation)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao c\u00f3 \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br \/>\nNgh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Yale ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc cao v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tinh vi nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ebb cong s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111ang r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1eaby suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br \/>\nH\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: &#8220;Lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y?&#8221;. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 &#8220;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3&#8221;, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u01b0 duy d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (Dy Khoa), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Kahan, D. M. (2013). Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(4), 407\u2013424.<\/li>\n<li>Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480\u2013498.<\/li>\n<li>Lord, C. G., Ross, L., &amp; Lepper, M. R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(11), 2098\u20132109.<\/li>\n<li>Nyhan, B., &amp; Reifler, J. (2010). When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions. Political Behavior, 32(2), 303\u2013330.<\/li>\n<li>Taber, C. S., &amp; Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 755\u2013769.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd tin ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0o quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ec7ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u? T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn (Motivated Reasoning).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[579,580,582,583,581],"class_list":["post-5057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-dong-luc-suy-luan-co-dinh-kien","tag-motivated-reasoning","tag-niem-tin-khoa-hoc","tag-phan-cuc-xa-hoi","tag-tam-ly-hoc-nhan-thuc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn: V\u00ec sao tin sai?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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