{"id":317,"date":"2026-08-02T15:52:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T15:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=317"},"modified":"2026-08-02T15:52:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T15:52:40","slug":"truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (health communication) l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i &#8211; t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1edd r\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u1eeda tay, m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n gi\u1eefa b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-box-title\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y,<\/div>\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\"><\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/#Dinh_nghia_truyen_thong_suc_khoe\" >\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/#Muc_tieu_cua_truyen_thong_suc_khoe\" >M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/#Quy_trinh_van_hanh_nguon_%E2%80%93_thong_diep_%E2%80%93_kenh_%E2%80%93_doi_tuong\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: ngu\u1ed3n &#8211; th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p &#8211; k\u00eanh &#8211; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/#Cac_mo_hinh_ly_thuyet_chinh\" >C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/#Thach_thuc_hien_nay_thong_tin_sai_lech_va_niem_tin_cong_chung\" >Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n nay: th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/#Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\" >\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_nghia_truyen_thong_suc_khoe\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh Hoa K\u1ef3 (CDC) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-khoa-hoc-va-truyen-thong-y-te-giong-khac-nhau\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"313\">truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (CDC \u2013 Gateway to Health Communication).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh&nbsp;<em>Healthy People 2010<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n sinh Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh vi \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe quan tr\u1ecdng (d\u1eabn theo Goldstein et al., 2020). Ishikawa v\u00e0 Kiuchi (2010), trong b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed&nbsp;<em>Biopsychosocial Medicine<\/em>, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n: truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng li\u00ean c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (interpersonal) ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang (mass communication) nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo Healthy People 2010, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh (d\u1eabn theo Ishikawa &amp; Kiuchi, 2010):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (risk communication)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf t\u1eeb xa (telehealth)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0<em>Healthy People 2030<\/em>, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe &#8211; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (health literacy) h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh (Healthy People 2030 &#8211; Health Communication).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muc_tieu_cua_truyen_thong_suc_khoe\"><\/span>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-khoa-hoc-la-gi\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"32\">truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a> n\u00f3i chung &#8211; v\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang &#8211; truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\u00a0<strong>thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong>: ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin, t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0, b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, hay t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t. Theo Niederdeppe v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2025), hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qua hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: &#8220;hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng&#8221; (effects &#8211; li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 &#8220;t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3&#8221; (effectiveness &#8211; li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_van_hanh_nguon_%E2%80%93_thong_diep_%E2%80%93_kenh_%E2%80%93_doi_tuong\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: ngu\u1ed3n &#8211; th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p &#8211; k\u00eanh &#8211; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niederdeppe v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2025) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t xem truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<strong>qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>&nbsp;ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m&#8221; (nh\u01b0 t\u1edd r\u01a1i hay \u00e1p ph\u00edch). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh qua s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th><th>Vai tr\u00f2<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ngu\u1ed3n (source)<\/td><td>Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t \u0111i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u2014 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p (message)<\/td><td>N\u1ed9i dung, khung di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i (framing), m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>K\u00eanh (channel)<\/td><td>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u2014 t\u1eeb t\u1edd r\u01a1i, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (audience)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c &#8211; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (audience segmentation) v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p (message tailoring) l\u00e0 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_mo_hinh_ly_thuyet_chinh\"><\/span>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (Health Belief Model \u2013 HBM):<\/strong>\u00a0cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 (Jones et al., 2015). M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch Zika tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Guidry et al., 2019).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quy tr\u00ecnh song song m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (Extended Parallel Process Model \u2013 EPPM):<\/strong>\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ec9 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba khi \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i (response efficacy) &#8211; t\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn tin r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro (Niederdeppe et al., 2025).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111a c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 (multilevel models):<\/strong>\u00a0th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eeb y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch &#8211; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 (Niederdeppe et al., 2025).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thach_thuc_hien_nay_thong_tin_sai_lech_va_niem_tin_cong_chung\"><\/span>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n nay: th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niederdeppe v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2025) ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch (misinformation) v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch (disinformation) hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19. Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: (1) l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1edbm b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn; (2) \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh sai l\u1ec7ch b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khi sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf; (3) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng th\u00f4ng tin&#8221; (inoculation\/prebunking) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c &#8220;n\u00f3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecd&#8221;. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u00e0nh vi, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang k\u00eanh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng tin y t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\"><\/span>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dy-khoa-la-ai\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2\">Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (Dy Khoa)<\/a>, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement) t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p \u00fd, vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 hi@dykhoa.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CDC. (n.d.).&nbsp;<em>Gateway to Health Communication<\/em>. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthcommunication\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Goldstein, C. M., Murray, E. J., Beard, J., Schnoes, A. M., &amp; Wang, M. L. (2020). Science communication in the age of misinformation.&nbsp;<em>Annals of Behavioral Medicine<\/em>, 54(12), 985\u2013990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abm\/kaaa088<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Guidry, J. P. D., Miller, C. A., Ksinan, A. J., Rohan, J. M., Winters, M., &amp; Carlyle, K. E. (2019). Using the Health Belief Model to analyze Instagram posts about Zika for public health communications.&nbsp;<em>Emerging Infectious Diseases<\/em>, 25(1), 179\u2013180. https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/25\/1\/18-0824_article<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Healthy People 2030. (n.d.).&nbsp;<em>Health communication<\/em>. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https:\/\/odphp.health.gov\/healthypeople\/objectives-and-data\/browse-objectives\/health-communication<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ishikawa, H., &amp; Kiuchi, T. (2010). Health literacy and health communication.&nbsp;<em>Biopsychosocial Medicine<\/em>, 4, 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0759-4-18<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jones, C. L., Jensen, J. D., Scherr, C. L., Brown, N. R., Christy, K., &amp; Weaver, J. (2015). The Health Belief Model as an explanatory framework in communication research: Exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation.&nbsp;<em>Health Communication<\/em>, 30(6), 566\u2013576. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/32777<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niederdeppe, J., Boyd, A. D., King, A. J., &amp; Rimal, R. N. (2025). Strategies for effective public health communication in a complex information environment.&nbsp;<em>Annual Review of Public Health, 46<\/em>(1), 411\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-071723-120721<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u0103ng<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-02T15:52:38+00:00\">August 2, 2026<\/time><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (health communication) l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, &hellip; <a title=\"Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" class=\"hm-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/truyen-thong-suc-khoe-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span>Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[187,189,155,180,190],"class_list":["post-317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-health-belief-model","tag-health-communication","tag-truyen-thong-suc-khoe","tag-truyen-thong-y-te","tag-y-te-cong-cong"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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