{"id":121,"date":"2026-07-31T11:16:15","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T11:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/?p=121"},"modified":"2026-07-31T11:16:16","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T11:16:16","slug":"thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch khoa h\u1ecdc: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1eafc-xin g\u00e2y t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 d\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin sai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng khai v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/niem-tin-cong-chung-doi-voi-khoa-hoc-du-lieu-cap-nhat\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"111\">ni\u1ec1m tin<\/a> v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-box-title\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y,<\/div>\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\"><\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/#Nghien_cuu_nen_tang_Lewandowsky_va_cong_su_2012\" >Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng: Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2012)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/#Hieu_ung_anh_huong_keo_dai_Continued_Influence_Effect\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (Continued Influence Effect)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/#Khuyen_nghi_de_cai_thien_viec_dinh_chinh_thong_tin\" >Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/#Y_nghia_voi_nguoi_lam_truyen_thong_khoa_hoc\" >\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/#Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\" >\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/#Tai_lieu_tham_khao\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nghien_cuu_nen_tang_Lewandowsky_va_cong_su_2012\"><\/span>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng: Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2012)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan &#8220;Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing&#8221;, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean&nbsp;<em>Psychological Science in the Public Interest<\/em>&nbsp;n\u0103m 2012, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Stephan Lewandowsky, Ullrich Ecker, Colleen Seifert, Norbert Schwarz v\u00e0 John Cook h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i dai d\u1eb3ng trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau: tin \u0111\u1ed3n, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong b\u00e0i l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u1eafc-xin th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 \u2014 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 huynh t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng cho con, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng v\u1eafc-xin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_anh_huong_keo_dai_Continued_Influence_Effect\"><\/span>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (Continued Influence Effect)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i<\/strong>&nbsp;(continued influence effect): ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 sai, th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c &#8220;bi\u1ebft&#8221; m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 sai kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khuyen_nghi_de_cai_thien_viec_dinh_chinh_thong_tin\"><\/span>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u2014 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh sau khi th\u00f4ng tin sai \u0111\u00e3 lan truy\u1ec1n, b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n th\u00f4ng tin sai ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Y_nghia_voi_nguoi_lam_truyen_thong_khoa_hoc\"><\/span>\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng: vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra &#8220;th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin sai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u2014 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao th\u00f4ng tin ban \u0111\u1ea7u sai \u2014 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doi_loi_gioi_thieu\"><\/span>\u0110\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/dy-khoa-la-ai\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2\">Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Anh Khoa (Dy Khoa)<\/a><\/strong>, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c s\u0129\u00a0<strong>Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Thu h\u00fat C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang (Science Communication and Public Engagement)<\/strong>\u00a0t\u1ea1i Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sai s\u00f3t, g\u00f3p \u00fd, xin vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi email cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: hi@dykhoa.com. Tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3m \u01a1n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_tham_khao\"><\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., &amp; Cook, J. (2012). Misinformation and its correction: Continued influence and successful debiasing.&nbsp;<em>Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13<\/em>(3), 106\u2013131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u0103ng<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2026-07-31T11:16:15+00:00\">July 31, 2026<\/time><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ec sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1eafc-xin g\u00e2y t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 d\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc &hellip; <a title=\"Th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch khoa h\u1ecdc: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3\" class=\"hm-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch khoa h\u1ecdc: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/span>Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,3],"tags":[50,49,48,23],"class_list":["post-121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet-mo-hinh","category-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc","tag-lewandowsky","tag-misinformation","tag-thong-tin-sai-lech","tag-truyen-thong-khoa-hoc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch khoa h\u1ecdc: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u00ec sao th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Lewandowsky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2012).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dykhoa.com\/blog\/thong-tin-sai-lech-khoa-hoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch khoa h\u1ecdc: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u00ec sao th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh? 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